In developing countries without universal social safety nets, co-residence between older parents and adult children is a central feature of old-age security arrangements. However, the impact of the health status of elderly on adult care-giving members’ labour supply is less well-known. In this paper we use data from the 2000 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS 3), to examine the impact of care-...

BACKGROUND The care and protection of the estimated 143,000,000 orphaned and abandoned children (OAC) worldwide is of great importance to global policy makers and child service providers in low and middle income countries (LMICs), yet little is known about rates of child labour among OAC, what child and caregiver characteristics predict child engagement in work and labour, or when such work inf...

Our aim in this paper is to resolve a paradox. Since the 1970s, there has been a downward secular trend in the average real and relative earnings of young adults under the age of 35. Despite the fact that most young children live in households headed by adults under 35, there has been no corresponding secular rise in the incidence of low income among children. Rather child poverty has followed ...

This paper analyses the use of microfinance as an intervention tool against child labour in the footwear sector in Biñan, Laguna Province, the Philippines. Based on a microfinance programme implemented as part of an ILO/IPEC project to eliminate child labour in the footwear sector, the study focuses on the structure of the sector and the division of labour within the households and analyses how...

We examine the impact of moving home, the distance moved and reasons for moving on both household income and labour market earnings for a representative sample of individuals using panel data. Our results suggest that there are monetary returns to migration which apply to both household income and labour market earnings. However, not all migrants enjoy these returns, which depend on distance mo...

The most outstanding event in the Spanish education system in the past two decades has been the overall improvement of enrolment in all educational levels. However, the primary school dropout rate in Spain is relatively high, and the evidence indicates that being a dropout is a permanent condition. This is the first study on dropouts in Spain, and it uses individual-level data from the Living a...

This is an analysis of maternal survival of up to 13,202 mothers following 56,546 births in south central Slavonia (Croatia) in the period 1714-1898, using automated family reconstitution of 23,307 marriages, 112,181 baptisms, and 94,077 burials from seven contiguous Catholic parishes. Physiological factors have the effects commonly expected. Maternal risk is increased by general economic and s...

On behavioural theory basis, this article analyses whether religion influences married women in Germany in their decision to supply labour. Gender roles and accompanying attitudes toward the appropriate division of labour among spouses might differ across religious groups depending on the groups ́ strictness. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and applying both cross-section...