A large panel of German municipalities is employed in order to investigate the dynamic fiscal policy adjustment of local jurisdictions using a VEC model which explicitly takes account of the intertemporal budget constraint. The results confirm the central role of expenditure adjustment, nevertheless a substantial part of adjustment is due to changes in intergovernmental transfers, in particular...

We consider the optimal control problem of certain batch service queueing systems with compound Poisson arrivals and linear holding costs. The control problem involves the determination of the epochs at which the service is initiated as well as the sizes of the batches served. The service times are assumed to be independent and identically distributed, however, with a general distribution. A qu...

This paper derives a population sizing relationship for genetic programming (GP). Following the population-sizing derivation for genetic algorithms in Goldberg, Deb, and Clark (1992), it considers building block decision making as a key facet. The analysis yields a GP-unique relationship because it has to account for bloat and for the fact that GP solutions often use subsolutions multiple times...

Background: The construction of metro lines is a high-risk project. Using a budget-based model for the safety units of metro construction projects can help safety managers to spend optimal budget allocation. The purpose of this study was to plan a budget model based on safety unit performance in an under construction metro station for better budget allocation using robust optimization. Methods...

The family health center of a family practice training program was eliminated from the county hospital budget following funding cuts, forcing the program faculty to create an independent nonprofit community clinic in which to train residents and provide care to established patients. A county audit of the new clinic after 2 years' operation showed substantial savings, particularly for administra...

Housewives play an important role in managing family finances. In finances, you must have a clear and accurate monthly budget. This budget then be adhered to so that finances are really under control. Mothers can make it writing book, or electronically. Currently, the use of gadgets is almost never out hand because considered source information accessed anytime anywhere. Problems housewives gen...

Ankur Sinha [email protected] Department of Information and Service Economy, Aalto University School of Business PO Box 21210, FIN-00076 Aalto, Helsinki, Finland Pekka Malo [email protected] Department of Information and Service Economy, Aalto University School of Business PO Box 21210, FIN-00076 Aalto, Helsinki, Finland Kalyanmoy Deb [email protected] Department of Electrical and Computer ...

A survey was carried out to assess the nutritional status of 2-3 year old rural children and some factors affecting it in the rural areas of Kerman. All of the 25-36 month old children (i.e., 1015 children) under coverage of primary health care center were included in the study. About one -third of the children’s mothers (334 mothers) were questioned. The data were collected using questionnaire...