Abstract Heat metering and charging can help raise residents’ awareness of energy conservation save heat consumption in buildings. The China, however, was promoted insignificantly. To explore the behavior mechanism heat-supply enterprises implementing under background complex network China’s heating region, put forward promotion strategies charging, this paper uses as sample, improves utility f...

The study examines whether the factor of intensity competition by firms was reason for recent price increase in building materials markets Russia. author develops a estimation model to explain role market power ready-mixed concrete and crushed stone regional markets’ prices during 2021 applying “difference difference” approach. analysis shows that it wasn’t responsible considered markets. Thus,...

In the electricity market, spark-spread options are increasingly used for hedging purposes and for valuing natural gas power plants. A spark-spread option gives the buyer the right but not the obligation to buy the price difference between electricity and natural gas adjusted for power plant efficiency. Pricing these options requires stochastic process models for the electricity price and the g...

â â â â â â  â  abstract â  outward-oriented economies seem to grow faster than inward-looking ones. does the literature on convergence have anything to say on this? in the dynamic heckscher-ohlin-samuelson model, with factor-price equalization, there is no convergence of incomes. this is because with identical preferences and return to capital, irrespective of initial levels the growth rates o...

We consider the revenue-maximization problem for a seller with an unlimited supply of identical goods, interacting sequentially with a population of n buyers through an on-line posted-price auction mechanism, a paradigm which is frequently available to vendors selling goods over the Internet. For each buyer, the seller names a price between 0 and 1; the buyer decides whether or not to buy the i...

In recent years, carbon emission markets have become liquid and promising markets within the European Union emissions trading scheme (EU ETS). In order to fit and forecast futures price for CO2 emissions allowances, we propose a new N-factor affine term structure model for CO2 futures price and estimate parameters in the new affine model by using the Kalman filter technique. Our empirical resul...

one of the main factors affecting on the technical and economic performance of farms and livestock is the ability or capacity management. main goal of farm management is achieving specific performance, profitability and productivity; there for measurement management and performance in livestock farms are necessary. considering the necessity of increasing production and quality in the dairy indu...

In this study business operations and liquidity and credit risk on price fluctuations on the stock exchange since 2010 to 2013 has been Tehran distance. The sample consisted of 76 company The systematic elimination method is selected. The company had a total of 304 years, in this study, the hypothesis of linear regression and correlation to analyse the data and test hypotheses Eviews software i...