Chapter 7 of the book Evolvable Components) Functional-level Cartesian genetic programming was applied to design hardware implementations of low-level, 3x3 kernel image filters (8 bits/pixel). These filters produce images of comparable or better quality than conventional, human-designed, solutions, such as convolution or median filters. Their implementation cost (the number of equivalent gates)...

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Rofstad et al. (1) report on the significance of chronic (diffusion-limited) and acute (fluctuating or perfusion-limited) hypoxia in D-12 and R-18 human melanoma xenografts on the development of metastatic disease. That tumors may contain different subpopulations of hypoxic cells has been known for many years. Early work showed that hypoxia can affect...

This paper re-examines the effects of exports, FDI and expatriates’ remittances on real GDP of Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Annual data from 1976 through 2006 are utilized. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) procedure is implemented for cointegration of variables with different orders of integration. The results reveal close similarities of long-run and short-run dynamics o...

-The formation ofhydroxy-Al-interlayered montmorillonite was affected by complexing organic acids. Montmorillonite (<2.0 t~m) was aged for three months at an initial pH of 5.0 or 6.0 in A1C13 solutions containing citric or tannic acid at organic acid/A1 molar ratios from 0 to 1.0. The A1/clay ratio in the system was 900 meq AP+/100 g of montmorillonite. Ion-exchange experiments revealed that or...

The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) mediates and gates the flux of metabolites and ions across the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and is a key player in cellular metabolism and apoptosis. Here we characterized the binding of nucleotides to human VDAC1 (hVDAC1) on a single-residue level using NMR spectroscopy and site-directed mutagenesis. We find that hVDAC1 possesses one major bindi...

This paper focuses on the factors which influence collaborative learning in distance education. Distance education has been around for many years and the use of collaborative learning techniques in distance education is becoming increasingly popular. Several studies have demonstrated the superiority of collaborative learning over traditional modes of learning and it has been identified as a pot...

Several theories have been proposed regarding how causal relations among features of objects affect how those objects are classified. The assumptions of these theories were tested in three experiments which manipulated the causal knowledge associated with novel categories. There were three results. The first was a multiple cause effect in which a feature’s importance increases with its number o...

Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 199, “The Paleogene Equatorial Transect” (Sites 1215 through 1222), was designed to study the evolution of the equatorial Pacific current and wind system as the Earth went from maximum Cenozoic warmth to initial Antarctic glaciations. The drilling program was primarily devoted to a transect along 56to 57-Ma crust, old enough to capture the Paleocene/ Eocene boun...