We argue that inadequately explained chronic dry eye-like symptoms reflect corneal hypersensitivity to tear evaporation (evaporative hyperalgesia) and those associated with the spectrum of disorders currently labeled as dry eye disease are consequences of neuropathic disorders of the corneal trigeminal nociceptive pathways in which clinical manifestations are determined by the location and down...

lated by a high level of coordination between sensory and motor functions which center stationary or moving objects in the central retina (fovea). The securing and stabilization of object images on the fovea during head movement are the basic functions of eye movements (1). Recent advances in the techniques of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have opened a new horizon for the evaluation of ocula...

A variety of nervous system components such as medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, basal ganglia, parietal, frontal and occipital lobes have role in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) processes. The eye movement is done simultaneously for attracting client's attention to an external stimulus while concentrating on a certain internal subject. Eye movement guided by therapist i...

Introduction: There is insufficient information about the correlation between hearing and visual impairments. Its importance arises when trainers should care about medical issues of their clients. Refractive errors of the eye are one of the main causes of visual loss in the society. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between refractive errors in the eye (by the type of r...