statement of problem: fixed orthodontic appliances can interfere with removing bacterial plaques from dental surfaces which can ultimately lead to white spot formation. purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the quantity of white spots and areas of decalcification following fixed orthodontic treatment. materials and methods: a total of 100 patients undergoing or scheduled for fixed orth...

statement of problem comprehensive diagnosis is regarded as an important base for orthodontic treatment. an effective way to achieve a correct diagnosis is to compare the craniofacial skeleton of patients with normal cases in the same race through lateral cephalograms. purpose the present study was designed to determine the cephalometric norms of senior high school students in the city of hamed...

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to assess the changes of the mandible of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with or without extraction of four premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen Class I bimaxillary protrusion patients treated with extraction of four first premolars and retraction of anterior teeth and 18 Class I non-extraction patients with a mean age of 16.38±0.4 years we...

The relationship between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) has long been of interest to the practicing orthodontist, but only during the past decade have a significant number of clinical studies been conducted that have investigated this association. This interest in orthodontics and TMD in part was prompted in the late 1980s after litigation that alleged that orthodo...

OBJECTIVE To assess the maxillary second molar (M2) and third molar (M3) inclination following orthodontic treatment of Class II subdivision malocclusion with unilateral maxillary first molar (M1) extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Panoramic radiographs of 21 Class II subdivision adolescents (eight boys, 13 girls; mean age, 12.8 years; standard deviation, 1.7 years) before treatment, after tre...

BACKGROUND Extraction has now been accepted widely in various malocclusions including Angle's class II division 1. However, the levels of scientific evidence in orthodontic treatment planning have been weak, and it is unlikely to systematically provide a rationale and consistent basis in decisions of extraction. This study was retrospectively designed to investigate the initial morphologic char...

objectives the purpose of this study was to determine the need for orthodontic treatment on the basis of the dental aesthetic index (dai) in the iranian students of ahvaz city. material and methods this cross sectional study was performed on 900 students aged between 11 - 14 years (450 boys, 450 girls). schools were selected based on random cluster sampling from different parts of the city. stu...

Ankylosis is the abnormal adhesion of alveolar bone to dentin or cementum and commonly seen after traumatic dental injuries. Treatment of impacted and ankylosed teeth solely by orthodontics alignment may be challenging. Consequently, several treatment alternatives have been proposed for the management of ankylosed teeth involving extraction, surgical luxation, and osteotomy followed by dentoalv...

The treatment of Class I malocclusion treatment is to arrange the teeth position in a good arch form. Arch form consists of tooth size and arch dimension (intercanine width, canine depth, intermolar width, molar depth). Several ways are developed to describe arch form. A lot of methods used to describe arch form qualitatively. The objective of this study is to develop qualitative arch form diag...