Humans and animals form internal representations of external space based on their own body movement (dead reckoning) as well as external landmarks. It is poorly understood, however, how different types of information are integrated to form a unified representation of external space. To examine the role of dentate gyrus (DG) in this process, we conducted physiological and behavioral experiments ...

Landmarks play an important role when humans navigate through foreign environments (Lynch, 1960; May, Ross, Bayer, and Tarkiainen, 2003). For example, trying to find the way is much easier if the navigator can rely on a description of the route based on well-recognizable objects in the environment, instead of navigating solely on the basis of street names and metric directions (Tom, and Denis, ...

Recognizing landmarks in sequences of images is a challenging problem for a number of reasons. First of all, the appearance of any given landmark varies substantially from one observation to the next. In addition to variations due to different aspects, an illumination change, external clutter, and changing geometry of the imaging devices are other factors affecting the variability of the observ...

BACKGROUND The auriculotemporal nerve has been identified as one of the peripheral trigger sites for migraine headaches. However, its distal course is poorly mapped following emergence from the parotid gland. In addition, a reliable anatomical landmark for locating the potential compression points along the course of the nerve during surgery has not been sufficiently described. METHODS Twenty...

7-140. nts perceive in Abstract. Route directions are instructions, primarily verbal, that explain how to get from one place to another. The current study examines several methods for assessing the quality of verbal route directions by characterizing them in terms of the number of elements (such as landmarks, segments or turns) and by subjective ratings of their goodness. Route directions for r...

Recovering the shape of a class of objects requires establishing correct correspondences between manually or automatically annotated landmark points. In this study, we utilise a novel approach to automatically recover the shape of hand outlines from a series of 2D training images. Automated landmark extraction is accomplished through the use of the self-organising model the growing neural gas (...

We present a simple artificial landmark model and a robust landmark tracking algorithm for mobile robot localization. The landmark model, consisting of symmetric and repetitive color patches, produces color histograms that are invariant under the geometric and photometric distortions. A stochastic approach based on the CONDENSATION tracks the landmark model robustly even under the varying illum...

allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) is the most effective therapy to prevent relapse in acute lymphocytic leukemia (all). this benefit is affected by non-relapse mortality (nrm) due to complications such as graft versus host disease (gvhd). a new approach in analyzing time-dependent covariates in competing risks is landmark analysis. so, the aim of this study is to evaluat...