The non-developmental use of external debt creates macroeconomic instability which results in massive unemployment, poverty, inflation, and political any country. present study is focused on historical perspective Pakistan. This found that the leadership Pakistan has heavily borrowed without considering its sustainability repayment capacity. On basis systematic literature review past studies, k...

Fraud cases that occur in Indonesia have fluctuated every year and 2020 the number of state losses due to fraud is largest last five years. The purpose this study was determine effect internal factors (experience professional skepticism) external (whistleblowing time budget pressure) on ability auditors detect fraud. Sampling using a survey method form questionnaire given respondents, namely in...

The article outlines the external conditions for systemic change in USSR: ideological weakness of system; dysfunctionality based on divergences resulting from historical experience Central and Eastern European countries; inefficiency socialist economies, weakening potential USSR; a number events international space setting tone character future transformational changes. These factors had to not...

Purpose This study aims to examine the influence of following on quality externally facilitated board evaluation, namely, timing adoption external type evaluators and independence facilitators. Design/methodology/approach The statements evaluation in annual reports a sample FTSE 350 companies were content analysed measure evaluation. paper then used descriptive analysis inferential statistics d...

Background The importance of the social determinants of health (SDH) and barriers to the access and utilization of healthcare have been widely recognized but not previously studied in the context of universal healthcare coverage (UHC) in Brazil and other developing countries. Objective To evaluate a set of proposed indicators of SDH and barriers to the access and utilization of healthcare - pro...

Background Action on the social determinants of health (SDH) is relevant for reducing health inequalities. This is particularly the case for South Africa (SA) with its very high level of income inequality and inequalities in health and health outcomes. This paper provides evidence on the key SDH for reducing health inequalities in the country using a framework initially developed by the World H...

Time dependent correlation functions in the Heisenberg XX0 chain in the external transverse magnetic field are calculated. For a finite chain normalized mean values of local spin products are represented as determinants of N × N matrices, N being the number of quasiparticles in the corresponding eigenstate of the Hamiltonian. In the thermodynamical limit (infinitely long chain), correlation fun...