The role of group III and IV muscle afferents in controlling the output from human muscles is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of these afferents from homonymous or antagonist muscles on motoneuron pools innervating extensor and flexor muscles of the elbow. In study 1, subjects (n = 8) performed brief maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of elbow extensors before and after a 2 mi...

[Purpose] This study aimed to determine which clinical measures of walking performance and lower limb muscle strength would predict energy cost during stair ascent and descent in community-dwelling individuals with stroke. [Subjects and Methods] Regression analysis of cross-sectional data from 55 individuals between one and five years post-stroke was used to investigate the measures of walking ...

The objective of the article is to evaluate the impact of the friction force mouse-pad in the contraction level of the forearm muscles M. extensor carpi ulnaris, M. extensor digitorum and M. extensor carpi radialis longus. A standard protocol of mouse movements was performed involving horizontal, vertical and diagonal mouse displacements drag-anddrop type. The operators were instructed to execu...

In the studies of human neuromuscular function, the function of leg muscles has been most often measured, particularly the function of the knee extensors. Therefore, this review will be focused on knee extensors, methods for assessment of its function, the interdependence of strength and power, relations that describe these two abilities and the infl uence of various factors on their production...

Digitized electromyographic activity of transplanted extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in cats differs from that of control EDL and anterior tibialis muscles lying adjacent to transplanted EDL muscles. In autotransplanted muscles, the cross-sectional area of the fibers shows a negative correlation with mean spike frequency and a positive correlation with mean amplitude. The mean frequency...

1. Mechanical stimulation of individual tibia! campaniform sensilla produces specific reflex effects upon motoneurones to leg muscles. 2. The reflex effects of a campaniform sensillum depend upon the orientation of its cuticular cap. The proximal sensilla, oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia, excite slow motoneurones to the extensor tibiae and extensor trochanteris muscles and ...

Morphological study of the muscles of the lower extremity is necessary for the analysis of the muscular function and its relation with locomotion. In this study, the muscle weight of the lower extremities from 11 adult Japanese cadavers (6 males and 5 females, aged from 50 to 91 years old) were measured. The morphological characteristic of the human lower extremity is discussed based on the rel...

Hand function requires interaction of muscles, tendons, bones, joints and nerves. The unique construction of the hand provides a wide range of important functions such as manipulation, sense of touch, communication and grip strength (Schieber and Santello 2004). The hand is used in many ways, and in many different situations in our daily lives; so injuries, diseases or deformities of the hand c...

We recorded fast extensor tibiae motor neuron activity during single-legged treadmill walking in the stick insect, Carausius morosus. We used this activity to stimulate the extensor muscle motor nerve, observed the resulting extensor muscle contractions under isotonic conditions, and quantified these contractions with a variety of measures. Extensor contractions induced in this manner were high...

Numerous investigations over the past 15 years have demonstrated that sensory feedback plays a critical role in establishing the timing and magnitude of muscle activity during walking. Here we review recent studies reporting that sensory feedback makes a substantial contribution to the activation of extensor motoneurons during the stance phase. Quantitative analysis of the effects of loading an...