BACKGROUND The elective use of low-dose epinephrine in hand surgery has allowed for the performance of simple operative procedures with tourniquet-free pure local anesthesia (the wide-awake approach). The absence of general anesthesia or sedation has, in turn, allowed for the observation of how quickly the sensorimotor cortex adapts following procedures such as tendon transfer. METHODS Seven ...

In this study we examined moment arms of the complete muscle system of the elbow, including the wrist ̄exors that have their proximal attachment point on the humerus. This study was performed with the aim to identify the synergistic mover functions of the muscles as an anatomical basis for the study of motor control of the elbow. The upper limbs of three cadaver specimens were dissected. Muscle...

Upper extremity (UE) hemiparesis persists after stroke, limiting hand function. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an effective intervention to improve UE recovery, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Our objective was to establish a reliable protocol to measure UE agonist-antagonist forearm monosynaptic reflexes in a pilot study to determine if NMES improve...

Avulsion fracture of the base of the second metacarpal is an unusual injury, and the cause in the few cases reported in the literature was a fall on a volarly flexed wrist. A case of this rare injury suffered in a sport related accident by a semiprofessional rugby player is reported. It was treated with open reduction and internal fixation after failure of conservative management.

BACKGROUND Scapholunate dissociation is the most common form of carpal instability. However, there is no gold standard for operative treatment. In this prospective observational study on 54 patients, a modified minimally invasive dynamic extensor carpi radialis longus tenodesis is described, which is characterized by a smaller approach and application of a cannulated screw and washer for tendon...

Indirect motor responses with the characteristics of the H wave were recorded from the flexor carpi radialis and the palmaris longus muscles in normal adults. A series of experiments has been performed, constituting circumstantial arguments for the monosynaptic nature of these reflex responses. The findings in pathological conditions, which corroborated this point of view, are documented briefly.

STUDY DESIGN Experimental repeated-measures study. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different extension forces applied to the palm of the hand on electromyographic (EMG) activity of the wrist extensor muscles during hand gripping. BACKGROUND Lateral epicondylitis is usually caused by repetitive wrist extension that leads to an overuse injury. The current theory is that the process of ...

INTRODUCTION Thumb basal joint arthroplasty with removal of the entire trapezium is often followed by proximal subsidence and impingement of the thumb metacarpal to the scaphoid, which is a common cause of post-operative thumb pain. Treatment of this impingement is a challenge among surgeons. We performed suspension arthroplasty combined with intercarpal ligament reconstruction using a strip of...