raisin is one of the most important agricultural products in iran. iran after the turkey and america countries is the third largest exporter of raisin in world. using the indices of export advantage, import advantage, concentration ratios and the herfindahl-hirschman, have been analyzed to check the state trade and market structure of export and import of raisin product in the world during 2001...

Institutions have been shown to be important for trade and growth. In particular, weak institutions may reduce the returns to product quality, harming domestic welfare and making it attractive to export to countries with strong institutions where quality is better rewarded. We model this alternative story as to why the “good apples are shipped out” and explore whether exporting ameliorates the ...

Recently, the world has experienced striking economic and policy changes, subsequent uncertainties have impacts on dairy trade price fluctuations. The Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) methodology was established in this paper to better understand international butter export prices transmission, feedback between context changes fluctuations, link global market, energy other commodity markets....

This paper investigates the role of aid in mitigating the adverse effects of commodity export price shocks on growth in commodity-dependent countries. Using a large cross-country dataset, we find that negative shocks matter for short-term growth, while the ex ante risk of shocks does not seem to matter. We also find that both the level of aid and the flexibility of the exchange rate substantial...

This paper investigates the role of aid in mitigating the adverse effects of commodity export price shocks on growth in commodity-dependent countries. Using a large crosscountry dataset, we find that negative shocks matter for short-term growth, while the ex ante risk of shocks does not seem to matter. We also find that both the level of aid and the flexibility of the exchange rate substantiall...

This study examines the effectiveness of price versus nonprice promotion programs for U.S. poultry exports. A comparative static simulation framework is specified for this purpose. The elasticities needed for the simulation model are estimated using seemingly unrelated regression and time-varying parameter regression techniques. Results from this study indicate that a price subsidy is more effe...

In this paper we examine the degree of market integration in French gas imports. Are there substantial price differences between gas from different export countries, and do prices move together? Furthermore, we analyze to what extent the French, German and Belgian markets are integrated. The long-term takeor-pay contracts are described and analyzed. Time series of Norwegian, Dutch and Russian g...

How does an unexpected domestic monetary expansion affect the foreign economy? Does it induce an increase or a decline in foreign production? In the traditional two-country Mundell-Fleming model, monetary policy has «beggar-thy-neighbor» effects. Yet, empirical evidence from VARs indicates that U.S. monetary policy has positive international transmission effects on both foreign (non-U.S. G-7) o...