A new model explains the current density of dark matter by proposing that conventional converted to in early Universe.

Let $G$ be a monoid with identity $e$. In this paper, first we introduce the notions of $G$-graded hyperrings, graded hyperideals and graded hyperfields in the sense of Krasner hyperring $R$. Also, we define the notion of a greded $R$-hypermodules and some examples are presented. Then we investigate graded maximal, graded prime and graded primary hyperideals of a graded hyperring $R$. Finally, ...

We introduce an exponentially confining potential well that can be used as a model to describe the structure of strongly localized system. obtain approximate partial solution Schrödinger equation with this where we find lowest energy spectrum and corresponding wavefunctions. use tridiagonal representation approach method for obtaining finite series square-integrable functions written in terms B...

Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$ and $R$ be a commutative $G$-graded ring with nonzero unity $1$. In this article, we introduce the concept of graded $r$-ideals. A proper graded ideal $P$ of a graded ring $R$ is said to be graded $r$-ideal if whenever $a, bin h(R)$ such that $abin P$ and $Ann(a)={0}$, then $bin P$. We study and investigate the behavior of graded $r$-ideals to introduce ...

In this paper, the stability of a functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (FG-MEE) micro-beam under actuation of electrostatic pressure is studied. For this purpose Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and constitutive relations for magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) materials have been used. We have supposed that material properties vary exponentially along the thickness direction of the micro-beam. Gov...

In the ongoing research, an approximate, grading entropy based, advanced interpolation method is applied to establish empirical functions between curves and model parameters of sands. The space grain size distribution with N fractions isomorphic unit-sided simplex dimension -1. traditional over -1 problematic since number sub-simplexes (and points) may increase exponentially . To overcome this ...