Currently, health care workers (HCWs) in the United States are being vaccinated against smallpox, and there is a possibility that this will be expanded to a more widespread vaccination program. Inadvertent transmission of vaccinia virus to patients with illnesses that are contraindications to vaccination is theoretically possible. Vaccinia virus is shed from the vaccination lesion of healthy pr...

BACKGROUND Timely vaccination is important to protect children from common infectious diseases. We assessed vaccination timeliness and vaccination coverage as well as coverage of vitamin A supplementation in a Ugandan setting. METHODS AND FINDINGS This study used vaccination information gathered during a cluster-randomized trial promoting exclusive breastfeeding in Eastern Uganda between 2006...

Abstract T cells are critical to generate protection from severe respiratory viral disease. Whether repeated SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure through vaccination causes cell exhaustion or gain of functions remains debated. In this study, we sampled convalescent donors before and after determine the functional consequences hybrid immunity. Donors were at 6 months 18 convalescence divided according th...

This study addresses the tradeoff between Vietnam's national poultry vaccination program, which implemented an annual two-round HPAI H5N1 vaccination program for the entire geographical area of the Red River Delta during the period from 2005-2010, and an alternative vaccination program which would involve vaccination for every production cycle at the recommended poultry age in high risk areas w...

BACKGROUND In 1986, the Government of Mali launched its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) with the goal of vaccinating, within five years, 80% of all children under the age of five against six target diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, and measles. The Demographic and Health Survey carried out in 2001 revealed that, in Kita Circle, in the Kayes region, on...

The Problem: Diseases that cause death and disability, such as yellow fever, measles, diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Further information on these diseases can be found here. The Program: Expanding immunization coverage for basic vaccines to reach more children in the developing world. Track record:. There's strong evidence that (a) the set of vaccines reviewed below provide protective immun...

BACKGROUND Timely vaccination is important to induce adequate protective immunity. We measured vaccination timeliness and vaccination coverage in three geographical areas in South Africa. METHODS This study used vaccination information from a community-based cluster-randomized trial promoting exclusive breastfeeding in three South African sites (Paarl in the Western Cape Province, and Umlazi ...

The vaccination program in Zambia includes one dose of measles vaccine at 9 months of age. The objective of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of the current one-dose measles vaccination program with an immunization schedule in which a second dose is provided either through routine health services or through supplemental immunization activities (SIAs). We simulated the expected co...

The ability of heterologous prime-boost vaccination to elicit robust CD8+ T cell responses has been well documented. In contrast, relatively little is known about how this immunotherapeutic strategy impacts the functional qualities of expanded T cells in the course of effector and memory responses. Using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as a boosting vector in mice, we demonstrate that a massiv...