Taxes, Cigarette Consumption, and Smoking Intensity: Reply This paper shows that smoking intensity, i.e. the amount of nicotine extracted per cigarette smoked, responds to changes in excise taxes and tobacco prices. We exploit data covering the period 1988 to 2006 across many US states. Moreover, we provide new evidence on the importance of cotinine measures in explaining long-run smoking behav...

This paper uses new data collected by the author on cigarette taxation in 443 municipalities from 1990 to 2009. These data are combined with state-level price and tax information to measure the relative effects of state and local taxes on cigarette prices. The results suggest that a $1 increase in the state excise cigarette tax increases cigarette prices by $1.10 to $1.13, but that a $1 increas...

Taxes, Cigarette Consumption, and Smoking Intensity: Reply This paper shows that smoking intensity, i.e. the amount of nicotine extracted per cigarette smoked, responds to changes in excise taxes and tobacco prices. We exploit data covering the period 1988 to 2006 across many US states. Moreover, we provide new evidence on the importance of cotinine measures in explaining long-run smoking behav...

Earlier research [1] investigated the impact of state excise tax increases on the incidence of smoking. The research is extended proposing a more robust modeling approach.

Excise taxes, one of the oldest tax forms in history, are selective taxes on certain goods and services. The absence modern economic structures administrations necessary for implementation general consumption has caused expenditures be designed as taxes. Moreover, systems have undergone radical transformations globalization process because increase international competition. Over time, rational...

The transformation of administrative positions into functional is one the implementations bureaucratic simplification that has been and continues to be carried out at Directorate General Customs Excise Republic Indonesia.This article discusses optimization career development in Functional Positions order simplify bureaucracy through Inspectors.The research method used this paper descriptive qua...