In evaluating the renal mechanisms responsible for the generation of the dysnatremias, an analysis of free water clearance (FWC) and electrolyte-free water clearance (EFWC) is often utilized to characterize the rate of urinary free water excretion in these disorders. Previous analyses of FWC and EFWC have failed to consider the relationship among plasma water Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)](pw)), ...

Context The NaHCO3-extractable soil K test (Colwell K) is the most frequently used method for across Australia, but there still uncertainty about suitability of testing guidelines heavy-textured soils.Aims To determine whether Colwell suitable predicting plant-available on loam- and clay-textured types developed from highly weathered parent materials in Western Australia (WA).Methods Nine metho...

For an exchangeable sequence of random variables ðX nÞn2N taking values in a Polish space, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the large deviation principles with respect to the t-topology of the occupation measure Ln:1⁄4ð1=nÞ Pn 1 k1⁄40 dX k and of the process-level empirical measures. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

We consider the deduction problem in the fragment of first-order logic (FOL) composed of existentially closed conjunctions of literals (without functions), denoted FOL{∃,∧,¬a}. This problem can be recast as several fundamental problems in artificial intelligence and databases, namely query containment for conjunctive queries with negation, clause entailment for clauses without functions and que...

Sustainability of maize-based cropping systems is a major challenge for southern Africa, yet the demand for maize as staple food and animal feed in the region continues to increase. A study was conducted on a sandy clay loam (220 g clay kg-1 soil) at Domboshawa in Zimbabwe to investigate the long-term effects of organic resource quality and application rate, and nitrogen (N) fertilization on so...

Four large lysimeters on the San Dimas Experimental Forest, each filled with similar parent material and planted with monocultures of native species in 1946, provide a unique opportunity to quantify short-term effects of plant species on soil properties. The four species under which soils were investigated are scrub oak (Quercus dumosa Nutt.) , chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. and Am.), c...

Nguyen, Minhtri K., and Ira Kurtz. Derivation of a new formula for calculating urinary electrolyte-free water clearance based on the Edelman equation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288: F1–F7, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00259.2004.—In evaluating the renal mechanisms responsible for the generation of the dysnatremias, an analysis of free water clearance (FWC) and electrolyte-free water clearance (E...