نتایج جستجو برای: exchange liability
تعداد نتایج: 202058 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Until the late 20th century, assigning the criminal liability to the legal persons Until the late 20th century, assigning the criminal liability to the legal persons was ambiguous and rejected obviously in most legal systems for a variety of reasons such as: legal persons are artificial and lack criminal mansuetude, lack of proportion between the crimes and punishments, lack of realizatio...
One of the important issues which are discussed by the law today is the civil liability of Physicians, something which was silence in the civil code and civil liability code of n1339 (1960), however the Islamic penal code has predicted some regulations for it. The civil liability of Physicians in the comparative law is principally based on the theory of fault. That is, a Physician is found to...
مسئولیت سرپرستان قانونی یا قراردادی صغار برای جبران خسارت ناشی از اعمال زیان بار ایشان که در حقوق ایر ان، بر اساس ماده 7 قانون مسئولیت مدنی ، مبتنی بر تقصیر سرپرست در نگاه داری و مواظبت از صغیر است، در حقوق اکثر کشورها یا مسئولیت محض است که شرط برقراری آن، ارتکاب فعل زیان بار از سوی صغیر م یباشد، و یا مسئولیتی مبتنی بر فرض تقصیر است که در هر حال سرپرست مسئول جبران خسارت است، مگر این که عدم تقصی...
Efficient portfolio management, has been attractive for financial researchers and was wished for investors from past to now. In this research, a multiperiod portfolio optimization problem for asset liability management of an investor who intends to control the probability of bankrupt is investigated. The proposed portfolio is consisting of number of risky assets, risk free asset and a type of d...
I compare welfare generated by a credit contract with individual liability and a contract with joint liability. The problem is credit rationing caused by limited liability and unobservable investment decisions. Joint liability induces borrowers to monitor each other, however the lender can also monitor. I show that wealthier borrowers may prefer riskier investments when liability is joint, whic...
the present article tries to prove that there is a reverse relation between the role of state in political society and its liability. in other words, the greater state’s interference with the political society, the less will be its responsibility and hence its liability. on contrary, making limitation to the state’s role in political society will increase its responsibility and thus its liabili...
This study shows the effect of risk of pharmaceutical manufacturers' responsibility on the prices of medicines in the legal system in Iran, England and United State of America. By examining the type and responsibility of pharmaceutical manufacturers in these three legal systems, we concluded that in the legal system of the United State of America, acceptance of strict liability, private phar...
because of sailing the estates by non-formal deeds; sometimes the estates of others are sailed without knowledge of the owner. so the dealing will be null by reject of the owner and the seller must amend the buyer’s damages. the main questions in this study are: what is the area of damages? what are the foundations of seller’s responsibility against the buyer? we will study the causality, excha...
This essay presents a theory of the State as derived from the writings of Coase, Stigler, and Smith. It argues that the state may find a role in (1) lowering the level of transactions costs; and (2) redistributing property rights given the level of non-zero transactions costs. These tenets suggest an explanation for the secular growth of government. Also, alternative to the Marshallian theory o...
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