OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and imaging findings in patients with focal choroidal excavation. METHODS Retrospective observational case series. The medical records of 12 patients (13 eyes) with focal choroidal excavation were reviewed. Clinical histories and imaging findings (including color photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiogr...

Mechanical methods of tunnel excavation are widely used because their high output, and the selection appropriate technology depends on ground composition project-related features. Compared with boring machines (TBMs) roadheaders, mechanical pre-cutting in widening have proven to be reliable capacity expansion. other machines, characteristics not systematically analyzed rare use. In this study, ...

This paper aims to estimate the distribution and magnitude of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) caused by the tunnel boring machine (TBM) through dynamic three-dimensional large deformation finite element analysis. Coupled EulerianLagrangian (CEL) analysis was used to consider the large deformation behavior during TBM excavation. The analysis model was verified based on estimations reported in ...

BACKGROUND Retinal vein pulsation is often absent in glaucoma, but can be induced by applying a graded ophthalmodynamometric force (ODF) to the eye, which is elevated in glaucoma. AIM To assess whether ODF has a predictive value in determining glaucoma progression. METHODS 75 patients with glaucoma and suspected glaucoma were examined prospectively in 1996, and then re-examined at a mean of...

Intact rock properties together with rock mass characteristics should be well investigated for selection of proper tunnel boring machine (TBM) for tunneling in various ground conditions. This is due to the significant impact of rock mass characteristics on machine performance. TBMs are site specific and designed for optimal performance in given ground conditions. When selected and put to work a...

The pose of an articulated machine includes the position and orientation of not only the machine base (e.g., tracks or wheels), but also each of its major articulated components (e.g., stick and bucket). The ability to automatically estimate this pose is a crucial component of technical innovations aimed at improving both safety and productivity in many construction tasks. A computer vision bas...

This study investigated the influence of a papain-based gel (Papacárie) for chemo-mechanical caries removal on bond strength to dentin. Human molars were assigned to the following groups: Group 1: sound teeth were flattened to expose dentin; Group 2: after flattening of surfaces, the papain-based gel was applied on the sound dentin; Group 3: overlying enamel from carious teeth was removed and m...

The  tunnel  boring  machine  (TBM)  penetration  rate  estimation  is  one  of  the  crucial  and complex  tasks  encountered  frequently  to  excavate  the  mechanical  tunnels.  Estimating  the machine  penetration  rate  may  reduce  the  risks  related  to  high  capital  costs  typical  for excavation  operation.  Thus  establishing  a  relationship  between  rock  properties  and  TBM pe...

In this study, the effect of deep excavation on the seismic response of RC moment resisting building systems has been studied. Deep excavation can cause significant changes in the stress and strain levels of soil environment and also changes in the propagation of seismic waves. This leads to permanent displacements in the foundation system. In this study, three RC building systems, i.e. 5, 10, ...

Nest excavation in social insects is an integral part of a colony’s life cycle. Soil-dwelling colonies build complex systems of narrow underground chambers and tunnels spanning thousands of insect body lengths below the ground. The nest excavation is performed by multiple animals simultaneously and is governed by local interactions of the workers with environment and other workers. The challeng...