Background: The rate of nosocomial infection appears to depend on whether it is calculated using the Center for Disease Control (CDC) or carrier state criteria. The objective of this study was to differentiate between primary endogenous (PE), secondary endogenous (SE) and exogenous (EX) infections, and to compare this classification with CDC criteria for nosocomial infections. Methods: ...

This paper proposes a theory for the gradual evolution of knowledge diffusion and growth over the very long run. A feedback mechanism between capital accumulation and the ease of knowledge diffusion explains a long epoch of (quasi-) stasis and an epoch of high growth linked by a gradual economic take-off. It is shown how the feedback mechanism can explain the Great Divergence, the failure of le...

The purpose of this Article is to demonstrate that felon exclusion laws are not race neutral and that the application of the laws has a racially discriminatory effect, and to call for their abolition. The laws contribute to the erosion of citizenship rights for the individual African-American exfelon, and the undermining of the collective citizenship rights of the larger African-American commun...

Aging progress of a person is influenced by many factors such as genetics, health, lifestyle, and even weather conditions. Therefore human age estimation from a face image is a challenging problem. Aging causes significant variations in facial shape and texture across years. In order to construct a general age classifier, shape and texture information of human face should be used together. In t...

Today, humans have remains that are other than physical, generated within and supported by new information communications technologies (ICTs). As with human remains of the past, these are variously attended to or ignored. In this article, which serves as the introduction to this special issue, we examine the reality, meaning and use of enduring digital remains of humans. We are specifically int...

to compare the success of patients with ocular hypertension, secondary to pars plana vitrectomy and silicon oil tamponade, who had an ex-press glaucoma filtration device p50 (alcon laboratories, inc. fort worth, texas, usa) to those who had conventional trabeculectomy this study has been performed. the records of 10 eyes of 10 consecutive subjects who had ex-press implants and 9 eyes of 9 conse...