Evaporation as a major meteorological component of the hydrologic cycle plays a key role in water resources studies and climate change. The estimation of evaporation is a complex and unsteady process, so it is difficult to derive an accurate physical-based formula to represent all parameters that effect on estimate evaporation. Artificial intelligence-based methods may provide reliable predicti...

How rising temperature and changing solar radiation affect evaporation of natural water bodies remains poor understood. In this study, evaporation from Lake Taihu, a large (area 2400 km) freshwater lake in the Yangtze River Delta, China, was simulated by the CLM4-LISSS offline lake model and estimated with pan evaporation data. Bothmethods were calibrated against lake evaporation measured direc...

Introduction: The possibility of liquid water or brines on the surface of Mars is one of the most important topics in Mars research [1]. Recent results from NASA’s polar lander, Phoenix, have indicated the presence of perchlorates (ClO4 ) in the soil surrounding the landing site [2]. It is likely that these ions associate with either sodium or magnesium [3], which would make them ideal candidat...

Sezela sugar factory uses long tube climbing film evaporators of the Kestner type for first effect evaporation. The plant trial showed that the Kestner specific evaporation rate (kg/m/h) and heat transfer coefficient can be improved by increasing the tube wetting rate (kg/min/tube). Increasing the wetting rate by 62% increased the specific evaporation rate by 40%. Introduction The climbing film...

plastic shrinkage is one of the most important parameter which must be considered in hot weather concreting. if plastic shrinkage is not prevented, cracking will be significant, especialy if silica fume is used in the mix. in this paper, the effect of silica fume in bleeding and evaporation was investigated in laboratory. the results showed that in restrained shrinkage, beside relative humidity...

the effect of evaporation rate on structural, morphological and optical properties of electron beam evaporated cds thin films have been investigated. cds thin film deposited by electron beam evaporation method in 12nm/min and 60nm/min evaporation rates on glass substrates. x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, uv-vis-nir spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to character...

The conditions for disk evaporation by electron thermal conduction are examined, using a simplified semi–analytical 1-D model. The model is based on the mechanism proposed by Meyer & Meyer–Hofmeister (1994) in which an advection dominated accretion flow evaporates the top layers from the underlying disk by thermal conduction. The evaporation rate is calculated as a function of the density of th...

Applying corona wind as a novel technique can lead to a great level of heat and mass transfer augmentation by using a very small amount of energy. The enhancement of forced flow evaporation rate by applying electric field (corona wind) has been experimentally evaluated in this study. Corona wind produced by a fine wire electrode charged with positive high DC voltage impinges on water surface an...

For an effective treatment of the evaporation process of a large black hole the problem concerning the role played by the fluctuations of the (vacuum) stress tensor close to the horizon is addressed. We present arguments which establish a principal relationship between the outwards fluctuations of the stress tensor close to the horizon and quantities describing the onset of the evaporation proc...