introduction: the objective of the study was to develop an instrument to measure patient education content. materials and methods: first of all, literature searches were undertaken to determine current national and international patient education questionnaires. then a forty five item questionnaire was developed. questionnaires were filled by 399 patients in surgery wards of kerman medical hosp...

Automatic pronunciation of unknown words is a hard problem of great importance in speech technology. The difficulty of the problem appears to vary across languages, according to the ‘depth’ of orthography, although there are, as yet, little by way of quantitative comparisons. Early solutions were based on manually-written expert rules but these are expensive to derive and maintain, are entirely...

country-of-origin (coo) is one of the most important external cues which influence on the customers purchase decision and has been topic of so many studies. for the same reason, the present article with taking into consideration one hundred forty two students of isfahan university as its statistical sample, first tried to measure the influence of coo on students’ purchase decisions among the sa...

Education is strongly associated with better health and longer lives. However, the extent to which education causes health and longevity is widely debated. We develop a human capital framework to structure the interpretation of the empirical evidence. We then review evidence on the causal effects of education on mortality and its two most common preventable causes: smoking and obesity. We focus...

BACKGROUND Trials financed by for-profit organizations have been associated with favorable outcomes of new treatments, although the effect size of funding source impact on outcome is unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect size for a favorable outcome in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), stratified by funding source, that have been published in general medical journals. M...

Tobacco and alcohol are among the most widely used and abused drugs in America, resulting in disastrous health consequences and a massive resource drain on society. Nicotine (the primary reinforcing component in tobacco) and alcohol are often used together, though there is limited research on exposure to both drugs at the same time. The present study attempted to fill this gap in knowledge by e...

Theory and results of flight-test validation are presented for a novel adaptive law that concurrently uses current as well as recorded data for improving the performance of model reference adaptive control architectures. This novel adaptive law is termed concurrent learning. This adaptive law restricts theweight updates based on stored data to the null-space of the weight updates based on curre...