The taxonomy of the Afrotropical and Malagasy Paraparatrechina fauna is revised for the first time. Thirteen species are revealed, of which eight are described as new: P. brunnella LaPolla & Cheng; P. concinnata LaPolla & Cheng; P. gnoma LaPolla & Cheng; P. myops LaPolla & Fisher; P. ocellatula LaPolla & Fisher; P. oreias LaPolla & Cheng; P. splendida LaPolla & Cheng; P. umbranatis LaPolla & Ch...

Dakotaraptor steini is a recently described dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation of South Dakota. Included within the D. steini hypodigm are three elements originally identified as furculae, one of which was made part of the holotype specimen. We show that the elements described as D. steini 'furculae' are not theropod dinosaur furculae, but are ...

Clinical findings in 3 cases of ocular injuries caused by the milky latex from Euphorbia tirucalli and Dieffenbachia sequine were reported. The initial symptoms of all patients were burning pain with subsequently blurred vision. Visual acuity was reduced between 6/30 and 6/20. Euphorbia sap caused punctate erosion, microbullae and Descemet's folds; while Dieffenbachia sap induced conjunctival c...

Gondwanamyces and its Custingophora anamorphs were first described from Protea infructescences in South Africa. Subsequently these unusual fungi were also found on Cecropia in Central America. During an investigation into the decline and death of native Euphorbia trees in South Africa, several fungal isolates resembling the anamorph state of Gondwanamyces were obtained from diseased tissues. In...

In this research, a new triterpenoid, tirucalla-8,24-diene-3β,11β-diol-7-one (1), and eupha-8,24-diene-3β,11β-diol-7-one (2), which was isolated from Euphorbia kansui for the first time, together with twelve other known compounds (3-14), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Euphorbia kansui. Their structures were elucidated based on High resolution electrospray ionization mass spectr...

Swamp spurge (Euphorbia palustris, Euphorbiaceae) is a large perennial species of wet grassland and swamps. Its natural habitats are fragmented and isolated both naturally and owing to habitat destruction by human activity. Thus the species is endangered and legally protected in Germany. This report describes seven novel polymorphic microsatellite loci that will be helpful to characterize genet...

The use of plant extract to cure diseases has been the traditional way used in many parts of the world. The synthetic drugs used now are more prone to cause side effects than curing the disease. Hence, the use of plant extract has now emerged due to their effective action against the disease without causing any side effects. The plants belonging to the family called Euphorbia are widely used in...