We investigate the role of national institutions on subnational African development in a novel framework that accounts for both local geography and cultural-genetic traits. We exploit the fact that the political boundaries on the eve of African independence partitioned more than 200 ethnic groups across adjacent countries subjecting similar cultures, residing in homogeneous geographic areas, to...

A enrollment rates are increasing in Guatemala, educational attainment continues to be among the lowest in Latin America as a result of late entry, repetition, and early dropout. Vast inequalities in access and attainment— linked to ethnicity, gender, poverty, and geography—remain. Adult literacy, estimated at 85 percent in Latin America, is just 70 percent in Guatemala (UNDP 2004). While indig...

Cities are at the centre of debate to mitigate climate change. A considerable number cities have already made commitments sustainability transitions through introduction and integration green strategies. Moreover, in past few years, Europe has witnessed an increase development smart advancement towards creating more sustainable cities. At moment, innovative concept city involves Positive Energy...

The dried park from Enantia chlorantha, was milled and solved into methanol overnight, separated the solute by decantation and repeat the previous process. The sediment was refused. The solute was concentrated and water was used to precipitate the proteins and they have discarded. After these procedures we have got at an alkaloid mixture, which according our GC/MS analysis had a palmatine basic...

BACKGROUND There are large variations in the use of knee arthroplasty among Medicare enrollees according to race or ethnic group and sex. Are racial and ethnic disparities more pronounced in some regions than in others, and if so, why? METHODS We used all Medicare fee-for-service claims data for 1998 through 2000 to determine the incidence of knee arthroplasty according to Hospital Referral R...