Estrogen receptor is a key regulator of proliferation and differentiation in mammary epithelia and represents a crucial prognostic indicator and therapeutic target in breast cancer. Mechanistically, estrogen receptor induces changes in gene expression through direct gene activation and also through the biological functions of target loci. Here, we identify the product of human MTA3 as an estrog...

Background and Objective:Determination of HER2 gene is crucial in breast carcinoma management and prognosis, as HER2 alterations are linked to a shorter disease-free period, overall survival and resistance to tamoxifen anti-estrogen therapy and other chemotherapy regimens, regardless of the nodal or hormone receptor status. This study aimed to...

Background & Objective: Gliomas are the most common type of primary intracranial tumors in adults. The expression of estrogen receptors varies in different grades of glial tumors, and some studies have suggested that this expression might have a prognostic value. It seems that estrogen receptor expression negatively correlates with the histological grade of gliomas. In the pres...

Background: The risk of thyroid disease has been increased during recent years; more than 200 million people are suffering from various types diseases. rate nodules in women is 4 times that men. Epidemiological findings and experimental evidence lesions suggest sex hormones, especially estrogen, may affect this gland its neoplasms. Objectives: Considering the prevalence benign malignant women, ...

Dear Editor-in-ChiefMalignant melanoma is a tumor arising from melanocyte; this tumor rarely occurs before puberty, with higher mortality rate in males and better survival rate in female patients affected by metastatic melanoma (1, 2). These facts propose that a relationship and association may exist between estrogens and melanoma. The effects of estrogens are mediated by...

in human breast cancer, estrogen receptor (er) status of the tumor has prognostic and therapeutic significance. however, facilities to study er are not widely available to us. we postulated that if there is a correlation between histologic grade and er status of invasive ductal carcinoma (idc), it may help predict the er status of the tumor. of 8 4 cases of breast carcinoma referred to the canc...

Approximately one third of breast cancers grow independently of estrogen, lack detectable estrogen receptor (ER) protein, and rarely re spond to hormonal treatment. Previous studies correlated the lack of ER gene expression in ER-negative breast tumor cells with hypermethylation of a CpG island in the 5' region of the ER gene. In order to determine whether demethylation of the ER gene in the ER...

objective(s): we aimed to examine association of gene expression of mor1 and glun1 at mrna level in the lumbosacral cord and midbrain with morphine tolerance in male wistar rats. materials and methods: analgesic effects of morphine administrated intraperitoneally at doses of 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg were examined using a hot plate test in rats with and without a history of 15 days morphine (10 mg...

Approximately one third of breast cancers grow independently of estrogen, lack detectable estrogen receptor (ER) protein, and rarely respond to hormonal treatment. Previous studies correlated the lack of ER gene expression in ER-negative breast tumor cells with hypermethylation of a CpG island in the 5' region of the ER gene. In order to determine whether demethylation of the ER gene in the ER-...