The study of software architectures is emerging as an important discipline in software engineering, due to its emphasis on large scale composition of software products, and its support for emerging software engineering paradigms such as product line engineering, component based software engineering, and software evolution. Architectural attributes differ from code-level software attributes in t...

( ) A group-contribution GC method was coupled with the perturbed-hard-sphere-chain ( ) ( ) PHSC equation of state EOS to predict its characteristic parameters. This model can describe both equilibrium and ®olumetric properties of regular fluids and chain-like molecules. The estimation of group contributions for the characteristic ®olume, surface area, and interaction energy was based only on ®...

Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meters (ADVMs) have become popular for estimating discharge in rivers exhibiting complex flow characteristics. To use the ADVMs for estimating channel discharge, a relation needs to be developed between the mean channel velocity and the index velocity provided by the ADVM. In the past, this relation was primarily developed empirically. To improve the accuracy of ADVM d...

Recent adoption of national rules for organic crop production have stimulated greater interest in meeting crop N needs using manures, composts, and other organic materials. This study was designed to provide data to support Extension recommendations for organic amendments. Specifically, our objectives were to (i) measure decomposition and N released from fresh and composted amendments and (ii) ...

The study of cause of death certification remains a largely neglected field in many developing countries, including Ghana. Yet, mortality information is crucial for establishing mortality patterns over time and for estimating mortality attributed to specific causes. In Ghana, autopsies remain the appropriate option for determining the cause of deaths occurring in homes and those occurring withi...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Light quantity and quality affect internode lengths in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), whereby leaf area and the optical properties of the leaves mainly control light quality within a cucumber plant community. This modelling study aimed at providing a simple, non-destructive method to predict final internode lengths (FILs) using light quantity and leaf area data. METHODS Sever...

A reasonable estimation of expected dropout rates is vital for adequate sample size calculations in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Underestimating expected dropouts rates increases the risk of false negative results while overestimating rates results in overly large sample sizes, raising both ethical and economic issues. To estimate expected dropout rates in RCTs on yoga interventions, ME...

Phylogenetic analysis depends on inferential methodology estimating accurately the degree of divergence between sequences. Inaccurate estimates can lead to misleading evolutionary inferences, including incorrect tree topology estimates and poor dating of historical species divergence. Protein coding sequences are ubiquitous in phylogenetic inference, but many of the standard methods commonly us...

Many clinical practice guidelines fail to account for the preferences of the individual patient. Approaches that seek to include the preferences of the individual patient in the decision-making process (e.g., interactive videodisks for patient education), however, may incur substantial incremental costs. Developers of clinical practice guidelines must therefore determine whether it is appropria...