Cosmetic expectations have increased with time and current trends speak volumes about gingival esthetics and smile designing. Gingival pigmentation especially on the labial aspect of anterior teeth has become an important component of general esthetics. Various physiologic and pathologic factors cause gingival pigmentation. The existing indices do not deal with the etiology, extent and severity...

OBJECTIVE Smile esthetics has become a major concern among patients and orthodontists. Therefore, the aim of this study was: (1) To highlight differences in perception of smile esthetics by clinicians, orthodontists and laypeople; (2) To assess factors such as lip thickness, smile height, color gradation, tooth size and crowding, and which are associated with smile unpleasantness. METHODS To ...

introdouction: the aim of this study was to compare the ratios of the mesiodistal width of the upper and lower central incisors between natural teeth and those produced artificially by ideal makoo, ivoclar, and vitapan, in iran. materials and methods: the mesiodistal width of the upper and lower central incisors was measured in 120 students, using calipers placed at the height of contour of the...

conclusions the treatment reported for reattachment of the tooth fractures and post and core techniques are reasonably easy while providing immediate and lasting results in patients’ regaining of social confidence and functionality. introduction the fracture of front teeth is one of the routine presentations of traumatic injuries. the treatment of a fractured tooth involving the pulp includes r...

Brand communication via social media influencers (SMIs) has become a vital constituent of firms’ brand strategy. The current study assesses the mediated (via content engagement) and direct influence SMI attributes esthetics on followers’ attitude toward endorsed brand-link click behavior. analyzed data from an online survey 300 followers top 40 Instafamous Pakistani SMIs to test model hypothese...