The core problem addressed in this article is the 3D position detection of a spherical object of knownradius in a single image frame, obtained by a dioptric vision system consisting of only one fisheye lens camera that follows equidistant projection model. The central contribution is a bijection principle between a known-radius spherical object’s 3D world position and its 2D projected image cur...

We show that typical cocycles (in the sense of Bonatti and Viana) over irreducible subshifts finite type obey several limit laws with respect to unique equilibrium states for Hölder potentials. These include central theorem large deviation principle. also establish analytic dependence top Lyapunov exponent on underlying state. The transfer operator its spectral properties play key roles in esta...

Abstract Adopted in October 2020, the Artemis Accords are a set of 13 provisions establishing principled framework for sustainable human exploration Moon and other celestial bodies, including exploitation their natural resources. This article examines extent to which comply with international law standards. It argues that, while rooted on Outer Space Treaty, introduce significant innovation spa...

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We report first principle numerical study of domain wall (DW) depinning in two-dimensional magnetic film, which is modeled by 2D random-field Ising system with the dipole-dipole interaction. We observe nonconventional activation-type motion of DW and reveal the fractal structure of DW near the depinning transition. We determine scaling functions describing critical dynamics near the transition ...

How an internal observer, that is not given any a priori knowledge or interpretation of what its sensors receives, learn to imitate seems a formidable issue from a viewpoint of a constructivist approach towards both establishing the design principle for an intelligent robot and understanding human intelligence. This paper argue two issues towards imitation by an internal observer: one concerns ...

Type-2 fuzzy sets let us model and minimize the effects of uncertainties in rule-base fuzzy logic systems. However, they are difficult to understand for a variety of reasons which we enunciate. In this paper, we strive to overcome the difficulties by: 1) establishing a small set of terms that let us easily communicate about type-2 fuzzy sets and also let us define such sets very precisely, 2) p...

A direct resistance-to-digital converter (RDC) that is suitable for differential resistive sensors is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The RDC presented here provides a digital output that is linearly proportional to the parameter being sensed by a differential resistive sensor possessing either linear or inverse characteristics. The RDC employs the sigma–delta analog-todigital conversion (...

We prove a local variational principle of pressure for any given open cover. More precisely, for a given dynamical system (X,T ), an open cover U of X, and a continuous, realvalued function f on X, we show that the corresponding local pressure P (T, f ;U) satisfies P (T, f ;U) = sup{hμ(T,U) + ∫ X f(x)dμ(x) : μ is a T -invariant measure}, and moreover, the supremum can be attained by a T -invari...

1. This paper discusses recent developments in the case law of the Court of Justice relating to the prohibition on age discrimination. In summary it describes the debate over the question of whether it is possible to rely on a general principle of community law, namely equality, in order to prohibit age discrimination. It also describes the emerging interpretation of Article 6 of Council Direct...