Mineralogy is one of the most influential soil properties that change from upper- to lower slope positions, depending on the climate differences. Such changes affect soil properties such as phosphorus sorption and desorption processes differently. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the clay mineralogy of soils in four toposequences from arid (Isfahan) and semiarid (Chaharmahal...

Rangeland ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions strongly were influenced by climatic factors and their kind of exploitation of management. These changes usually occur in combination and structure of vegetation over time. Because understanding the dynamics of pasture can choose the appropriate management practices and proper help, The changes of vegetation in desert ecosystem of Jajarm area, b...

One of the most important calamities that affect the arid and semi- arid regions and is taken into account as threatening factors for human- life and destroying the natural resources is desertification, so recognizing and forecasting this phenomenon is very important. Desertification is a complex phenomenon, which as environmental, socio-economical, and cultural impacts on natural resources. In...

the poor orientation of the restaurants toward the information technology has yet many unsolved issues in regards to the customers. one of these problems which lead the appeal list of later, and have a negative impact on the prestige of the restaurant is the case when the later does not respond on time to the customers’ needs, and which causes their dissatisfaction. this issue is really sensiti...

Shortage of rainfall and also relatively high intensity precipitations in short-term are characteristics of arid regions of the world, such as central of Iran. Studies have indicated that massive flooding causes great loss of life and properties every year. Also, Water scarcity in arid and semiarid regions of the world will cause fragile living conditions in these areas. Therefore, it is needed...

acknowledgements i wish to express my gratitude to all those who have helped me in preparing this thesis. i would like to express my deep gratitude to my respected advisor dr. kourosh akef, whose advice and comments helped me in the early stages of the research and throughout the writing process. i would also like to express my gratitude to dr. hajar khanmohammad whose invaluable guidance he...