BACKGROUND /aims: Paediatric squint surgery appears to be declining. This study aims to identify if this is so and, if so, why. METHODS Retrospective review of (1) episodes of paediatric squint surgery in Scotland and Tayside, 1986-2001, (2) presentations to orthoptists (Tayside) during 1986 and 1996. RESULTS (1) Overall, a 58% fall in surgery in Scotland and 59% in Tayside. For esotropia, ...

Age related binocular vision disorders (age related strabismus) could include all types of spontaneous strabismus appearing along the lifetime, which are directly connected with the aging process. Neurological strabismus is excluded. Functional and structural changes related to the aging process can induce phoria decompensation, convergence insufficiency decompensation and new onset strabismus ...

Patients with long-standing unilateral strabismus, such as "sensory" exotropia in the absence of fusion, or esotropia with unilateral amblyopia, typically show bilateral deviations under anesthesia, often symmetric. Forced ductions usually show symmetric muscle tightness. Changes in extraocular muscle lengths thus appear to occur primarily bilaterally, whether fusion is present or not. With ske...

PURPOSE To elucidate the causative factors in infantile esotropia, we evaluated morphological abnormalities in brain structures of esotropia patients showing any abnormal neurological signs in comparison to those of normal controls. METHODS Sixty-five developmentally normal children participated in this study. Of these 65, 38 demonstrated infantile esotropia and 27 were normal controls. All u...

AIM To describe the development and treatment of V-pattern and bilateral over-elevation in adduction in patients with cyclic esotropia. METHODS Three patients with cyclic esotropia are described in retrospect. All patients underwent bilateral medial recession, while one patient additionally had a weakening procedure of both inferior oblique muscles. RESULTS All patients developed a V-patter...

OBJECTIVE To study motor and sensory results of surgery for exotropia following botulinum toxin A injection to correct childhood esotropia. METHODS The medical records of 2445 patients treated with botulinum toxin bimedial injection were retrospectively reviewed to select patients operated on after 1 year of consecutive exotropia. We recorded age at onset of deviation, retinoscopic refractive...

Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is an unusual presentation of esotropia that occurs after infancy. This study was aimed to study the clinical features and the differences between children and adult patients with AACE in the Chinese populations.This was a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with AACE over 4 years; 69 patients (25 females and 44 males) were identified. The patie...

Ninety-seven patients with congenital esotropia with deviations of 50 prism dioptres or greater underwent large (6 and 7 mm) bimedial rectus recessions. The overall success rate with one operation was 83.5%. Judgment of final alignment was made at the last follow-up examination, six to 61 months (average 23.4 months) postoperatively. Large bimedial rectus recessions for congenital esotropia are...