Using HPLC a fraction of New Zealand manuka honey has been isolated, which gives rise to the non-peroxide antibacterial activity. This fraction proved to be methylglyoxal, a highly reactive precursor in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Methylglyoxal concentrations in 49 manuka and 34 non-manuka honey samples were determined using a direct detection method and compared wit...

Leptospermum scoparium or mānuka is a New Zealand native medicinal plant that produces an essential oil with antimicrobial properties. This is the first study to investigate the structure and bioactivity of endophytic bacteria in mānuka by using a combination of cultivation-independent (DGGE) and dependent approaches. A total of 23 plants were sampled across three sites. Plants were considered ...

Two entomopathogenic species of the hyphomycete genus Tolypocladium are descr ibed in detail. Tolypocladium extinguens sp. nov. was found on larvae of Arachnocampa luminosa (Diptera; Mycetophil idae) in caves in New Zealand. Tolypocladium cyl indrosporum W. Gams is shown to be pathogenic to Aedes sierrensis and A. australis and is reported from Plecia nearctica (Diptera; Bibionidae). The occurr...

1. Natural variation in life history provides the opportunity to examine its correlated population performance. Alpine systems are considered to be vulnerable to climate change as high-altitude conditions are predicted to become more similar to those at low altitude. Comparing natural populations that exhibit variation in life history across altitude can provide information on how life history ...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Distinguishing the contributions of phenotypic plasticity vs. population differentiation to variation in the life history of plants throughout their range is important for predicting their performance after dispersal or their responses to environmental change. In Erysimum capitatum, plants in alpine environments are iteroparous perennials, but those below tree line are seme...