With its recent breakthrough in terms of output power, the erbium 3m fiber laser has become an object of intense scientific research and an increasingly attractive tool for medical applications. This paper reviews the research on the erbium 3m fiber laser since its first demonstration. Its development is seen in relationship to the early success of the corresponding crystal laser system, to the...

Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) are most commonly used in optical networks for the most assorted applications. The fast power transient effect of the cascaded erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) in 45 channels optical ring network is investigated. The power transient effect of EDFA’s are observed when channels are added and dropped. It is shown that, for low channel adding/dropping freque...

A novel and simple technique, based on nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) effect, to generate stable multiwavelength oscillations in an erbium-doped fiber laser is proposed and successfully demonstrated. The NPR effect effectively induced intensity- and wavelength-dependent loss to alleviate mode competition caused by homogeneous gain broadening in erbium-doped fibers. Up to 28-wavelength la...

We demonstrate a few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier employing a mode-selective photonic lantern for controlling the modal content of the pump light. Amplification of six spatial modes in a 5 m long erbium-doped fiber to ∼6.2  dBm average power is obtained while maintaining high modal fidelity. Through mode-selective forward pumping of the two degenerate LP21 modes operating at 976...

We report a 40-GHz harmonically and regeneratively FM mode-locked erbium fiber laser with a phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit operating in the 1.6 m region. The oscillation wavelength was extended to the L-band by using a 15 m erbium-doped fiber with an Er concentration of 3500 ppm as a gain medium. As a result, a 770 fs transform-limited Gaussian pulse with a 14 mW output power was successfully...

We demonstrate an array of erbium-doped waveguide-distributed feedback lasers on an ultra-low-loss Si(3)N(4) platform. Sidewall gratings providing the lasing feedback are defined in the silicon-nitride layer using 248 nm stepper lithography, while the gain is provided by a reactive co-sputtered erbium-doped aluminum-oxide layer. We observe lasing output over a 12 nm wavelength range (1531-1543 ...

BACKGROUND Patients with atrophic scars commonly seek treatment for their removal but are often concerned about the prolonged recovery, short-lived results, and/or ineffectiveness of available therapies. A novel treatment using a 1,550-nm erbium-doped fiber laser to induce fractional photothermolysis of treated skin has been used to resurface photodamaged skin but has not been studied previousl...

This paper discusses the effect of adding reduced erbium-doped ceria nanoparticles (REDC NPs) as a coating on silicon solar cells. Reduced ceria nanoparticles doped with erbium have the advantages of both improving conductivity and optical conversion of solar cells. Oxygen vacancies in ceria nanoparticles reduce Ce4+ to Ce3+ which follow the rule of improving conductivity of solar cells through...

A variety of revision treatments available for managing different types scars, including laser therapy, chemical peeling, cryotherapy, dermabrasion, soft tissue augmentation, intralesional steroid injection, and surgical excision. Rhytides, dyschromias, specific kinds scars are among the epidermal dermal lesions that successfully treated using erbium YAG lasers. In this study, use Erbium to tre...

An erbium-doped Lu3Ga5O12(LuGG) single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The crystalline phase in analyzed powder X-ray diffraction. erbium-ion emission spectra of were acquired. cross-section (ECS) spectrum computed from acquired spectrum. absorption (ACS) using McCumber relationship. results are discussed contrast to those spectrum, and comparison shows that both methods give consi...