Isotactic poly (1-butene), ipbu-1, was synthesized by using a metallocene catalyst. The thermodynamic phase behavior of polymer–organic solvents systems is very important in every polymer application.  In this paper, the solid–liquid equilibrium of ipbu-1 with different organic solvents (1-heptyne, cyclo octane) was studied by a mathematical model. By considering the experiments temperature...

3 Thermodynamic State Variables and State Equations 8 3.1 State Variables and Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.1 Exhaustive set of state variables? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.1.2 Are state variables de ned only in equilibrium? . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.1.3 Concept of local equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.1.4 C...

The thermodynamic parameters of interaction between calf thymus histone H A and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), a cationic surfactant, in aqueous solutions of pH 3.2, 6.4 and 10.0 were measured over a wide range of DTAB concentrations by equilibrium dialysis at 27°C and 37°C and are discussed. The data are used to determine the free energy from the Wyman binding potential theore...

Reactive absorption — i.e., the absorption of gases in liquid solutions accompanied by chemical reactions — is an important industrial operation for the production of basic chemicals (e.g., sulfuric or nitric acid) and for the removal of harmful substances (e.g., H2S) from gas streams. In recent decades, this process has become especially important for the purification of gases to high purities...

The modified NRTL (m-NRTL) model is used to represent the excess Gibbs free energy of aqueous (alcohol + electrolyte) solutions. In this work, the m-NRTL model previously developed for representation of vapor-liquid equilibria for (polymer + salt + water) systems has been extended to represent liquid-liquid equilibria of (alcohol + salt + water) systems. The proposed extension is a modified of ...

The design and development of processes involving supercritical fluids depend on how easy the phase equilibrium can be accurately modelled and predicted. In the work described herein, the supercritical fluid-solid equilibrium has been considered. Modelling the fluid-solid equilibrium is associated with a number of drawbacks, even when it is possible to obtain the experimental solubility data fo...

This paper deals with the derivation of the Gibbs equation for a nonviscous gas in the presence of heat flux. The analysis aims to shed some light on the physical interpretation of thermodynamic potentials far from equilibrium. Two different definitions for the chemical potential and thermodynamic pressure far from equilibrium are introduced: nonequilibrium chemical potential and nonequilibrium...

The rst result of this paper gives the shot-noise amplitude for a class of nonlinear resistances. The noise behavior for equilibrium and non-equilibrium bias conditions is uniquely speciied by the voltage-current relation and thermodynamic constraints. Secondly, we show that the Gaussian model cannot be applied to any nonlinear device. While the Gaussian model can be a useful approximation, it ...

The stochastic differential equations for a model of dissipative particle dynamics, with both total energy and total momentum conservation at every time-step, are presented. The algorithm satisfies detailed balance as well as the fluctuation-dissipation theorems that ensure that the proper thermodynamic equilibrium can be reached. Macroscopic equilibrium probability distributions as well as equ...