Multi-party chat is a standard feature of popular online games and is increasingly available in collaborative learning environments, including epistemic games. However, little is known about the linguistic qualities of group conversation, especially regarding modality of communication. This paper addresses the differences between spoken and typed conversations as high school students interacted...

Media is a means of information that conveys message about problem being experienced. Mass media includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television, blogs on the internet, and others. On there are many versions delivery, one which talk shows. In talkshow, attitude speaker when discussing his opinion through use words, phrases clauses can be analyzed. The analysis in this study focuses Epistemic ...

We present a methodology for the automatic verification of multi-agent systems against temporal-epistemic specifications derived from higher-level languages defined over convergent equational theories. We introduce a modality called rewriting knowledge that operates on local equalities. We discuss the conditions under which its interpretation can be approximated by a second modality that we int...

The epistemic use of yào in Mandarin Chinese, often translated as ‘should’ in English, shows certain interesting peculiarities. In this paper, I first describe the empirical properties of epistemic yào. The occurrence of epistemic yào is restricted only to certain comparative constructions, but forbidden in other degree constructions or non-degree constructions. It cannot appear above or below ...

This paper aims to vindicate the thesis that cognitive computational properties are abstract objects implemented in physical systems. I avail of the equivalence relations countenanced in Homotopy Type Theory, in order to specify an abstraction principle for intensional, computational properties. The homotopic abstraction principle for intensional mental functions provides an epistemic conduit i...

It is widely assumed in the developmental literature that certain classes of modal expression appear later in language acquisition than others; specifically, epistemic interpretations lag behind non-epistemic (or root) interpretations. An explanation for these findings is proposed in terms of the child’s developing theory of mind, i.e. the ability to attribute to oneself and others mental repre...

Dynamic epistemic logic plays a key role in reasoning about multi-agent systems. Past approaches to dynamic epistemic logic have typically been focused on actions whose primary purpose is to communicate information from one agent to another. These actions are unable to alter the valuation of any proposition within the system. In fields such as security, it is easy to imagine situations in which...