Variations in class 2/3 (PorB) proteins form the basis for meningococcal serotyping. Antibodies against these proteins are bactericidal, making serotyping results useful not only for epidemiological surveillance of meningococcal disease but also for identifying potential vaccine components. A total of 20 to 60% of meningococcal B and C isolates from any given population are nontypeable (NT) usi...

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is a disease in cattle with complex transmission dynamics that causes substantial economic losses and affects animal welfare. The infection can be transient or persistent. mostly asymptomatic persistently infected hosts are the main source for of virus. This characteristic makes it difficult to control spreading BVD. We develop deterministic compartmental model BVD w...

Abstract This systematic review aims to test the hypothesis that microbleeds detected by MRI are common and show a characteristic pattern in cerebral fat embolism (CFE). Eighty-four papers involving 140 CFE patients were eligible for this based on literature search up 31 January 2020. An additional case was added from hospital records. Patient data individually scrutinised extract epidemiologic...

An evolutionarily informed perspective on parent-infant sleep contact challenges recommendations regarding appropriate parent-infant sleep practices based on large epidemiological studies. In this study regularly bed-sharing parents and infants participated in an in-home video study of bed-sharing behaviour. Ten formula-feeding and ten breastfeeding families were filmed for 3 nights (adjustment...

This with the integration of distributed generation (DG) to meshed distribution systems, the operating time of the protective system becomes a major concern in order to avoid nuisance DG tripping. This paper proposes a new tripping characteristic for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) that can achieve a higher possible reduction of overall relays operating time in meshed distribution networ...

BACKGROUND A characteristic of Plasmodium falciparum infections is the gradual acquisition of clinical immunity resulting from repeated exposures to the parasite. While the molecular basis of protection against clinical malaria remains unresolved, its effects on epidemiological patterns are well recognized. Accumulating epidemiological data constitute a valuable resource that must be intensivel...

BACKGROUND Epidemiological and clinical studies, often including anthropometric measures, have established obesity as a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Appropriate cut-off values for anthropometric parameters are necessary for prediction or decision purposes. The cut-off corresponding to the Youden-Index is often applied in epidemiology and biomedical literature for di...

Many large-scale surveys measure subjective well-being (SWB) through a single survey item. This paper takes advantages of response time data to explore the relation between time taken to answer a single SWB item and the reliability and validity of answers to this SWB item. We found that reliability and validity of answers to the SWB item are low for fast respondents aged 70 and above and slow r...

Parenting style experienced during childhood has profound effects on children's futures. Scales developed in other countries have never been validated in the Tibetan context. The present study aimed to examine the construct validity and reliability of a Tibetan translation of the 23-item short form of the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran [One's Memories of Upbringing] (s-EMBU) and to test the...

One special subalgebra of the algebra of fuzzy truth values is the set of those elements that take only 0 and 1 as values. This subalgebra is in one-to-one correspondence with the subsets of the unit interval, but the operations do not correspond to ordinary union and intersection. The automorphisms of this subalgebra are studied here, resulting in showing that the subobjects corresponding to n...