Abstract The prehydrolysis liquor from the Kraft process is rich in sugars and could thus serve as a sustainable feedstock for production of various chemicals. However, its industrial utilization impeded by presence fermentation inhibitors extensive lignin precipitation, latter receiving only little attention literature. In order to provide suitable biotechnological or chemical conversion, euca...

Rietveld analyses of neutron diffraction data collected on a series of Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 samples, which had been prepared by sol-gel and conventional mixed oxide methods, showed that each sample contained both rhombohedral and tetragonal PZT (Pb[Zr1-xTix]O3). The zirconium-to-titanium ratio in the two phases was found to be markedly different. Pair distribution functions were also calculated for...

The objective of this project is to develop a process for the parallel production of ethanol and cellulose in a pulp mill, by applying a prehydrolysis step to softwood chips to extract hexose sugars for their subsequent fermentation in ethanol. Two kinds of pretreatments were compared, an acid hydrolysis and a two-step treatment composed of an autohydrolysis and a post-hydrolysis of the resulti...

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials suitable for the development of sol-gel coatingsfor metallic surfaces were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS) and tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS). The hydrolysis of MAPTMS/TMOS was carried out in an ethanol/water solution. The prehydrolysis stage of MAPTMS/TMOS system was monitored by Fourier Transformer In...

A high reactivity is an essential prerequisite for dissolving pulp. In this study, xylanase modification to increase the reactivity of bamboo dissolving pulp was investigated. The original reactivity of a bamboo dissolving pulp prepared by a prehydrolysis kraft pulping process and bleached by (OP)-H-P (oxygen delignification enhanced with peroxide sodium hypochlorite peroxide) is very low. The ...

The crystal structure of a proteolytic subfragment from scallop striated muscle myosin, complexed with MgADP, has been solved at 2.5 A resolution and reveals an unusual conformation of the myosin head. The converter and the lever arm are in very different positions from those in either the pre-power stroke or near-rigor state structures; moreover, in contrast to these structures, the SH1 helix ...

Alkaline pre-extraction and hydrothermal hydrolysis were carried out with eucalyptus chips. Two methods were used to determine and calculate the extraction yield of five-carbon sugars. One is an indirect method, based on the difference of pentosan content between the chips before and after pre-extraction. The other method is to directly measure the content of five-carbon sugars in the extractin...

Common metrics for evaluating the efficiency of oxygen delignification include the kappa number and Klason lignin content. As a change in xylan content often leads to a change in HexA content, the kappa number must be corrected for the HexA contribution before evaluating the degree of oxygen delignification when trying to understand the process in detail. Questions could also be raised about th...

nineteen bread wheat genotypes were selected to examine the effect of glycine betaine (gb, 100 mm) on various photosynthetic gas exchange parameters under drought stress and to study the relationship of these parameters with non-enzymatic antioxidants. drought stress caused a significant decline in net co2 assimilation rate (pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular co2 concentration (ci) a...

for the first time in the present study the effects of vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, vanillic acid, as well as the newly synthesized vanillin derivative, bis-vanillin, were investigated on the oxidation of dopamine hydrochloride by mushroom tyrosinase. among them, vanillin and bis-vanillin act as activators, while vanillyl alcohol and vanillic acid exhibited inhibitory effects, the ic50 values be...