BACKGROUND Aging may cause various functional abilities gradually deteriorate. With changes in social forms, the trend of functional fitness decline will change accordingly. Therefore, this study endeavored to identify the trends in functional fitness decline by comparing the differences in the functional fitness of females in various age groups. METHODS Thirty six healthy females were divide...

introduction: any rise in health expenditure is the main concern of householders and policymakers. a few studies have been conducted on assessing the determinants of expenditures and environmental quality from a macroeconomic point of view. this paper aimed to investigate the relationship between health expenditure and environmental quality in more than 114 developing countries between 1995 and...

The effective planning for the renewal of water distribution systems requires accurate quantification of the structural deterioration of water mains. Direct inspection of all water mains in a distribution system is almost always prohibitively expensive. Identifying water main breakage patterns over time is an effective and inexpensive alternative to gauge the structural deterioration of a water...

Because of a deterioration in the quality of the environment, this paper studies the effects of the environment and the economy on environmental technology licensing in a homogeneous Cournot duopoly model in order to reduce environmental pollution and hence improve social welfare. To this end, two licensing methods — namely, a fixed-fee licensing method and a royalty licensing method — are comp...

The correction of exogenous and endogenous environmental insult to DNA involves a series of DNA repair mechanisms that reduce the likelihood of mutation accumulation and hence an increased probability of tumour development. The mechanisms underlying the process of base excision repair are relatively well understood and are placed in context with how deterioration of this process is associated w...

A high-resolution chemostratigraphic study of a 24-m-thick section at West Blind Fiord on Ellesmere Island (Canadian Arctic) documents stepwise environmental deterioration in the marine Sverdrup Basin during the late Changhsingian (late Late Permian) as a result of volcanic disturbances to surrounding landmasses. A horizon within the upper Lindström Formation (datum A) is characterized by incre...

this paper considers the fuzzy inventory model for deteriorating items for power demand under fully backlogged conditions. we define various factors which are affecting the inventory cost by using the shortage costs. an intention of this paper is to study the inventory modelling through fuzzy environment. inventory parameters, such as holding cost, shortage cost, purchasing cost and deteriorati...