in addition to attention to natural light as a renewable, costless and environment-friendly source of energy in the late 20th century, numerous studies have been conducted into the effect of natural light on human being’s soul and body and all such studies reiterate the undeniable role of natural lighting on people’s behavior, attitudes, and efficiency. however, in spite of the awareness of the...

This special issue is devoted to the study of environments that make physical activity and/or healthy dietary behaviors more likely. Empirical evidence regarding the influence of environmental factors on physical activity and dietary behavior is growing rapidly. The evidence base, however, is typically built on (cross-sectional) studies, based on self-reports. There is a dearth of studies with ...

Genome-wide association studies of gene-environment interaction (GxE GWAS) are becoming popular. As with main effects GWAS, quantile-quantile plots (QQ-plots) and Genomic Control are being used to assess and correct for population substructure. However, in G x E work these approaches can be seriously misleading, as we illustrate; QQ-plots may give strong indications of substructure when absolut...

▪ Research on employer coordination in the advanced capitalist countries has focused almost exclusively on the manufacturing sector, even though the service sector is responsible for most employment growth. This article considers organizational change in the service sector, comparing structurally similar networks of public savings banks in France and eastern Germany. It finds that the capacitie...

The influence of the Hawthorne studies on the field of Organizational Behavior is pervasive. Originally intended to demonstrate the effect of the physical work environment on worker productivity, the Hawthorne studies reached an unexpected conclusion that social relations, but not the physical environment, shape organizational outcomes, spawning an enormously generative social relations movemen...

An outline is given of the use of operant conditioning techniques in the study of the behavior of farm animals. Using operant methods, pigs and sheep placed in cold environments have been trained to perform simple responses in order to obtain radiant heat. Factors which influence this behavior such as level of nutri t ion, ambient temperature and the intensity of the radiant heat have been exam...

There are the different treatments, such as: drugs, psychotherapy, cognitive therapy and behavior therapy, for management of anxiety. But nowadays, an intervention called ”Neuro-feedback” which is combination of electronic, behavior, neurology and pharmacology sciences has been innovated in which the neurons can be growth and reinforced and the brain’s function will be increased. In this interv...