Multiplayer symbioses are common in nature, but our understanding of the ecological dynamics occurring in complex symbioses is limited. The tripartite mutualism between fungus-growing ants, their fungal cultivars, and antibiotic-producing bacteria exemplifies symbiotic complexity. Here we reveal how black yeasts, newly described symbionts of the ant-microbe system, compromise the efficiency of ...

The estimated 6000 species of Lycaenidae account for about one third of all Papilionoidea. The majority of lycaenids have associations with ants that can be facultative or obligate and range from mutualism to parasitism. Lycaenid larvae and pupae employ complex chemical and acoustical signals to manipulate ants. Cost/benefit analyses have demonstrated multiple trade-offs involved in myrmecophil...

Albinas Lugauskas, Jiirate Repeckiene, Jurgita Stakeniene Institute of Botany, ZalitU4. ezer4. St. 47, LT-2021 Vilnius, Lithuania, e-mail: [email protected]. [email protected] The diversity of fungi species spread on food products grown and processed under various ecological conditions were estimated during the researches carried out in 1998-2003. Fungi were isolated and identified from ...

In many semi-natural and natural ecosystems, mycorrhizal fungi are the most abundant and functionally important group of soil micro-organisms. They are almost wholly dependent on their host plants to supply them with photosynthate in return for which they enable the plant to access greater quantities of nutrients. Thus, there is considerable potential for plant communities to regulate the struc...

The article analysis the species composition of entomofauna Kuhistan ferula (Ferula kuhistanica) in different parts Zarafshan ridge. study revealed 115 insects belonging to 92 genera, 48 families, and eight orders. identified belong following orders: Thysanoptera (1 species), Neuroptera (3 Homoptera Hemiptera (17 Coleoptera (36 Lepidoptera (5 Hymenoptera (14 species) Diptera (38 species). By na...

Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) is grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. has been Central Asia for almost 2,000 years. More than 25% pomegranates are located Uzbekistan. fruit pest Euzophera punicaella Mooze ) one main pests that reduce basic quality export yield pomegranate. When chemical control measures applied against them, lose their character do not always give expecte...

Kelurahan Tubuhue merupakan suatu yang terletak di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara dengan areal persawahan luas. Kawasan luas ini, dijadikan sebagai lokasi penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat persebaran dan peranan serangga entomofagus biological control agroekosistem tersebut. Manfaat nilai bagi kehidupan mendorong manusia menjaga kelestarian keanekaragamannya, namun diduga keseimbangan ekosistem...