Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin D is one of the serotypes most commonly associated with food poisoning. Further characterization of the enterotoxin D-encoding plasmid revealed the presence of an open reading frame which encodes a previously unidentified enterotoxin, designated staphylococcal enterotoxin J (SEJ). SEJ is a protein of 269 amino acid residues which has substantial sequence simila...

The sporulation-specific enterotoxin of Clostridium perfringens type A, which is the toxin active in human food poisoning, has been purified from extracts of sporulating cells. Highly purified enterotoxin was obtained by treatment of crude cell extract with ribonuclease for 30 min, followed by sequential chromatography on Sephadex G-100, Cellex T cellulose, and hydroxylapatite. Recovery was 65 ...

The in vitro exposure of staphylococcal enterotoxin B to trypsin resulted in the formation within 30 min of a product (enterotoxin-T) unchanged in molecular weight, but with threonine as a second NH2 terminus. Upon reduction of the -SSbridge in enterotoxin-T, two fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The peptide bond between Lys-97 and Thr-98 ...

The in vitro exposure of staphylococcal enterotoxin B to trypsin resulted in the formation within 30 min of a product (enterotoxin-T) unchanged in molecular weight, but with threonine as a second NH2 terminus. Upon reduction of the -SSbridge in enterotoxin-T, two fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The peptide bond between Lys-97 and Thr-98 ...

The effect of Escherichia coli heat-stable (ST) enterotoxin on calcium and cyclic nucleotide metabolism in rat basophilic leukemia cell cultures was investigated. Addition of ST enterotoxin to rat basophilic leukemia cell cultures resulted in dose- and time-dependent stimulation of calcium uptake and elevation of the intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) concentration. The effect of ST enterotoxin on...

Rapid and sensitive method for detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes in milk sampleMahantesh M Kurjogi, Basappa B Kaliwal

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to molecularly identify different species Aeromonas isolated from farmed tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) North Brazil, and evaluate their pathogenic potential by the presence virulence genes. From extraction bacterial DNA, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) primers 16S rDNA, aerA (cytolytic enterotoxin), ast (cytotoxic enterotoxin) act were performed. Of 24 isol...

To determine the levels of maturation and differentiation of murine CD4 single-positive (SP) T cells, we compared the secondary responses of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA)-induced neonatal thymic, adult thymic and adult splenic CD4 SP T cell blasts prepared from whole or heat-stable antigen(low) CD4 SP T cells. Proliferative responses upon re-stimulation with SEA were strong in adult spleni...

Superantigens (SAgs) are potent microbial toxins that function to activate large numbers of T cells in a T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ-specific manner, resulting in excessive immune system activation. Staphylococcus aureus possesses a large repertoire of distinct SAgs, and in the context of host-pathogen interactions, staphylococcal SAg research has focused primarily on the role of these toxins in s...

BACKGROUND Camelids and sharks possess a unique subclass of antibodies comprised of only heavy chains. The antigen binding fragments of these unique antibodies can be cloned and expressed as single domain antibodies (sdAbs). The ability of these small antigen-binding molecules to refold after heating to achieve their original structure, as well as their diminutive size, makes them attractive ca...