BACKGROUND The 'obesity paradox' of critical illness refers to better survival with a higher body mass index. We hypothesized that fat mobilized from excess adipose tissue during critical illness provides energy more efficiently than exogenous macronutrients and could prevent lean tissue wasting. METHODS In lean and premorbidly obese mice, the effect of 5 days of sepsis-induced critical illne...

Proteineenergy malnutrition has been proposed to be a cause of refractory anemia that accompanies the malnutritioneinflammation complex (or cachexia) syndrome in dialysis patients. Malnutritioneinflammation complex syndrome and the obesity paradox are also the main etiology for “reverse epidemiology” of cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in dialysis patients. However, in some dialysis pat...

SUMMARY Seamounts are volcanic constructs that litter the seafloor. They important for understanding numerous aspects of marine science, such as plate tectonics, melt budget, oceanic circulation, tsunami wave diffraction, tidal energy dissipation and mass wasting. Geometrically, seamounts come in many sizes shapes, purpose modelling them morphological, gravimetric or isostatic studies it is con...

There are numerous situations in which it is important to determine whether a particular disease of interest is present in a free-ranging wildlife population. However adequate disease surveillance can be labor-intensive and expensive and thus there is substantial motivation to conduct it as efficiently as possible. Surveillance is often based on the assumption of a simple random sample, but thi...

Three White-tailed Deer shot within 5 km during the 2001 hunting season in Wisconsin tested positive for chronic wasting disease, a prion disease of cervids. Subsequent sampling within 18 km showed a 3% prevalence (n=476). This discovery represents an important range extension for chronic wasting disease into the eastern United States.

A high degree of uncertainty exists for chronic wasting disease (CWD) transmission factors in farmed and wild cervids. Evaluating the factors is important as it helps to inform future risk management strategies. Expert opinion is often used to assist decision making in a number of health, science, and technology domains where data may be sparse or missing. Using the "Classical Model" of elicita...

background : malnutrition is still a major health problem in the developing countries. it is recognized that 60% of deaths among children under five year in these countries are associated with malnutrition. the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in children under 5 years old in iranshahr in 2011.   materials and methods : this is a cross-sectional descriptive study...