THIS PAPER IS ELIGIBLE FOR THE STUDENT PAPER AWARD. Abstract— In this paper, we introduce a shaping concept to reduce average transmit energy for channel inversion techniques in multiple antenna broadcast systems. Based on the probabilistic view point for the input constellations, the optimal probability distribution for the data vectors in the channel inversion techniques is found. We have als...

human factors are among the main elements affecting the reliability of nondestructive examinations (nde). in a man-machine system, human reliability is affected by many factors (performance shaping factors) whose influence on reliability cannot be easily expressed quantitatively. this paper identifies and ranks 59 perform-ance shaping factors by using a fuzzy reasoning method and proposes a pro...

We have developed a measurement system based on a correlation method to characterize the nonlinearity of a detector's response over a large range of laser pulse energy. The system consists of an excimer-laser source, beam-shaping optics, a beam splitter, a monitor detector, a set of optical filters, and the detector under test. Detector nonlinearities as large as 10% or greater over an entire m...

This work studies the control of a pneumatic actuator for needle insertion in soft tissue without using axial rotation or additional supports. Employing simplified rigid-link model description an axial-symmetric tip supported at base, two energy shaping controllers are proposed. The friction forces compensated adaptively and stability conditions closed-loop equilibrium discussed. compared by me...

From geometrical optics, the laws of reflection and refraction, ray tracing techniques, conservation of energy within a bundle of rays, and the condition of constant optical path length provide a foundation for design of laser beam shaping systems. Geometrical optics design methods are presented for shaping the irradiance profile of both rotationally and rectangular symmetric laser beams. Appli...

piezoelectric nanobeams having circular, rectangular and hexagonal cross-sections are synthesized and used in various nano structures; however, piezoelectric nanobeams with hexagonal cross-sections have not been studied in detail. in particular, the physical mechanisms of the surface effect and the role of surface stress, surface elasticity and surface piezoelectricity have not been discussed t...

We extend the method of controlled Lagrangians to include potential shaping for complete state-space stabilization of mechanical systems. The method of controlled Lagrangians deals with mechanical systems with symmetry and provides symmetry-preserving kinetic shaping and feedback-controlled dissipation for state-space stabilization in all but the symmetry variables. Potential shaping complement...

We extend the method of controlled Lagrangians to include potential shaping for complete state-space stabilization of mechanical systems. The method of controlled Lagrangians deals with mechanical systems with symmetry and provides symmetry-preserving kinetic shaping and feedback-controlled dissipation for state-space stabilization in all but the symmetry variables. Potential shaping complement...