Wetting morphologies on solid substrates, which may be chemically or topographically structured, are studied theoretically by variation of the free energy which contains contributions from the substrate surface, the fluid– fluid interface and the three-phase contact line. The first variation of this free energy leads to two equations—the classical Laplace equation and a generalized contact line...

The free energy of the Potts model : from the continuous to the first-order transition region. ABSTRACT We present a large q expansion of the 2d q-states Potts model free energies up to order 9 in 1/ √ q. Its analysis leads us to an ansatz which, in the first-order region, incorporates properties inferred from the known critical regime at q = 4, and predicts, for q > 4, the n th energy cumulant...

In an implicit-solvent description of molecular solvation, the electrostatic free energy is given through the electrostatic potential. This potential solves a boundary-value problem of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation in which the dielectric coefficient changes across the solute-solvent interface-the dielectric boundary. The dielectric boundary force acting on such a boundary is the negative firs...

Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) have been introduced to overcome intermittent nature of single-source renewable energy generation. In order to utilize HRES optimally, two issues must be considered: optimal sizing and optimal operation. The first issue has been considered vastly in several articles but the second one needs more attention and work. The performance of hybrid renewable energ...

In this research, HMX energy derivatives with different carbon-containing fullerenes in different temperature conditions were studied using density functional theory. For this purpose, the materials were first geometric optimized, then the thermodynamic parameters were calculated for all of them. Then, the process of changing the energy-dependent parameters such as specific heat capacity, entha...

wheat is the dominant cereal crop constituting the first staple food in iran. this paper studies the energy consumption patterns and the relationship between energy inputs and yield for wheat production in iranian agriculture during the period 1986 – 2008. the results indicated that total energy inputs in irrigated and dryland wheat production increased from 29.01 and 9.81 gj ha-1 in 1986 to 44...