Henriksen, Erik J. Invited Review: Effects of acute exercise and exercise training on insulin resistance. J Appl Physiol 93: 788–796, 2002; 10.1152/japplphysiol.01219.2001.—Insulin resistance of skeletal muscle glucose transport is a key defect in the development of impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes. It is well established that both an acute bout of exercise and chronic endurance e...

Endurance exercise can lead to systemic improvements in insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis, and is an effective approach to combat metabolic diseases. Pharmacological compounds that recapitulate the beneficial effects of exercise, also known as 'exercise mimetics', have the potential to improve disease symptoms of metabolic syndrome. These drugs, which can increase energy expenditure...

UNLABELLED Erythropoietin (Epo) administration improves aerobic exercise capacity and insulin sensitivity in renal patients and also increases resting energy expenditure (REE). Similar effects are observed in response to endurance training. The aim was to compare the effects of endurance training with erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) treatment in healthy humans. Thirty-six healthy untrain...

The independent and combined effects of exercise training and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on body composition, fat distribution, glucose tolerance, and insulin action were studied in postmenopausal women, aged 68 +/- 5 yr, assigned to control (n = 19), exercise (n = 18), HRT (n = 15), and exercise + HRT (n = 16) groups. The exercise consisted of 2 mo of flexibility exercises followed by 9...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of activities of daily living (ADL) versus moderate-intensity endurance-type exercise on 24-h glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty males with type 2 diabetes participated in a randomized crossover study consisting of three experimental periods of 3 days each. Subjects were studied under sedentary control cond...

Endurance exercise training is accompanied by physiological changes that improve muscle function and performance. Several studies have demonstrated that markers of mitochondrial capacity are elevated, however, these studies tend to be performed ex vivo under conditions that yield maximal enzyme activities or in vivo but monitoring the response to exercise. Therefore, it is unclear whether basal...

PURPOSE Endurance exercise and hypoxia regulate pathways that are crucial to glucose and lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that training under hypoxia results in similar or even greater metabolic improvement compared with exercise under normoxia at a lower workload. METHODS We randomly assigned 20 healthy men to single blind training under hypoxia (FiO2 = 15%) or normoxia (FiO2 = 21%). Subjec...

T ype 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and associated hyperinsulinemia increase the risk for impaired verbal memory (1–3). In rodents, insulin resistance adversely affects brain structures that support memory (4). In humans, pharmacologic management of diabetes improves cognitive functioning (5,6). Weight loss and exercise decrease the incidence of diabetes (7,8). This study examin...

The aims of this investigation were 1) to determine whether endurance exercise training could reverse impairments in insulin-stimulated compartmentalization and/or activation of aPKCzeta/lambda and Akt2 in skeletal muscle from high-fat-fed rodents and 2) to assess whether the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone could reverse impairments in skeletal muscle insulin signaling typically observed after ...