hemodynamic changes are major hazards of general anesthesia and are probably generated by direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. we designed this prospective randomised study to assess the cardiovascular changes after either laryngeal mask airway (lma), face mask (fm) or endotracheal tube (ett) insertion in the airway management of adult patients anesthetised with nitrous oxide and ha...

because microaspiration of contaminated supraglottic secretions past the endotracheal tube cuff is considered to be central in the pathogenesis of pneumonia, improved design of tracheal tubes with new cuff material and shape have reduced the size and number of folds, which together with the addition of suction ports above the cuff to drain pooled subglottic secretions leads to reduced aspiratio...

Lung separation techniques in the morbidly obese patient undergoing thoracic or esophageal surgery may be at risk of complications during airway management. Access to the airway in the obese patient can be a challenge because they have altered airway anatomy, including a short and redundant neck, limited neck extension and accumulation of fat deposition in the pharyngeal wall contributing to di...

BACKGROUND Using a too big or a too small size of an endotracheal tube in pediatric patients would result in tracheal injury or insufficient ventilation. Determining the appropriate endotracheal tube size is important because using an inappropriate size can cause complications. This study was performed to predict the appropriate endotracheal tube size by measuring the transverse diameter of the...

To the Editor: A 23-yr-old man (height approximately 155 cm, weight 38 kg) with acute respiratory failure required exchange of endotracheal tubes. He had spastic cerebral palsy at two months of age, had had spastic quadriplegia, mental retardation, severe scoliosis and repeated regurgitation and pneumonia due to hiatus hernia. The head and neck were fixed in a flexed position and the interincis...

Patients with Pierre Robin syndrome are characterized by micrognathia, retrognathia, glossoptosis, and respiratory obstruction and are prone to have a difficult-to-intubate airway. The McGrath® MAC video laryngoscope provides a better view of the glottis than a Macintosh laryngoscope, but it is not easy to insert an endotracheal tube through the vocal cords because a video laryngoscope has a mu...

background & aim: with the implementation of incorrectly airway suctioning, many complications and risks can be followed. therefore, health care providers can expedite recovery of patients by increasing in quality of suction. this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of clinical audit process on the level of endotracheal tube suctioning skill in nurses and anesthesia technicians working i...

OBJECTIVE Given the paucity of information regarding endotracheal epinephrine for newborn resuscitation, the objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the frequency of endotracheal epinephrine use in newborns in the delivery room, and (2) to determine whether the previously recommended dose of 0.01 to 0.03 mg/kg of endotracheal epinephrine is effective in establishing a return of spontane...