The shock jump relations for gradients of flow variables are presented in the case of a uniform steady freestream with a curved shock thatmay trigger an endothermic or exothermic chemical reaction. The rich information that can be obtained from these is used in order to derive field information for flow variables as well as details about the sonic line. This presentation collects, reviews, and ...

Developing a unifying theory for the functional architecture of endothermic thermoregulation has been proven to be a challenging endeavor. Three papers published in this issue of Temperature take a closer look at this problem and add interesting views to our knowledge about the way that endothermic thermoregulation works.

Quantum chemical calculations, using gradient-correct density functional at the BP86 level in conjunction with TZ2P basis sets, have been carried out for the radon hydrides HRnY (with Y = F, Cl, Br, I, CCH, CN, and NC). The bonding in HRnY is studied using different bond ruptures, establishing the role of those stabilizing (and destabilizing) factors that prevent these species to be dissociated...

Biodiesel was produced from the transesterification of neem oil with methanol using alumina catalyst. The carried out under optimal condition to molar ratio 6:1. reaction for production biodiesel catalyst conforms a pseudo – first order rate law constants 0.0028, 0.0044, and 0.009 min-1 at 308, 318, 328 K, respectively. Activation energy 48.45 kJmol-1 pre exponential factor (A) 13.003. thermody...

The endothermic nuclear reaction between thermal tritons and high energy protons can represent an important contribution to the total neutron yield in tokamak plasmas heated by radio-frequency waves, as the first JET experiments have demonstrated [M.Mantsinen et al., Nucl. Fusion 41 (2001), 1815]. A further study based on more recent JET experiments was reported in [M.Santala et al., Plasma Phy...

In his 1884 book on the principles of mobile equilibria, van’t Hoff (2) presented the generalization that, in an equilibrium system, an elevation of temperature would favor the endothermic reaction. Twenty years later, Nernst, as part of his efforts in developing the third law of thermodynamics (3), derived an expression for calculating the equilibrium constant for a reaction at any temperature...

The effects of aromatic stabilization on the rates of [1,5]-hydrogen shifts in a series of carbo- and heterocyclic dihydroaromatic compounds were estimated by B3LYP/6-31G computations. The aromatic stabilization energy of the product is directly translated into increased exothermicity of these reactions. Relative trends for a significant range of endothermic and exothermic [1,5]-shifts with dif...

Steady weak underdriven oblique detonations consisting of a lead shock attached to a solid wedge followed by a resolved reaction zone structure are admitted as solutions to the reactive Euler equations for eigenvalue shock wave angles. This is demonstrated for a fluid which is taken to be an inviscid, calorically perfect ideal gas which undergoes a two-step irreversible reaction with the first ...

A compact reformer to generate hydrogen for portable fuel cell applications is presented. This reformer is a conventional type single-path tubular reactor packed with granular catalyst particles in which steam reforming and catalytic partial oxidation reactions take place in series using a mixture of methanol and water as a feed. The novel feature of this reformer is in the interlacing of the f...