Fishes with internalized and endothermic red muscles (i.e. tunas and lamnid sharks) are known for a stiff-bodied form of undulatory swimming, based on unique muscle-tendon architecture that limits lateral undulation to the tail region even though the red muscle is shifted anteriorly. A strong convergence between lamnid sharks and tunas in these features suggests that thunniform swimming might b...

The validity of the Arrhenius equation for dissociative electron attachment rate coefficients is investigated. A general analysis allows us to obtain estimates of the upper temperature bound for the range of validity of the Arrhenius equation in the endothermic case and both lower and upper bounds in the exothermic case with a reaction barrier. The results of the general discussion are illustra...

An endothermic phase change in the presence of chemical heterogeneitles can act as an efficient filter, such that heavy material is sequestered below the phase change and light material is trapped above the phase change. Due to the fact that the endothermlc phase change damps thermal convection, it can act as a "trap door" for chemical heterogeneitles Ascending flows which are chemically dense ...

Here we represent thermodynamics on soluble carbon nanotubes that enables deep understanding the interactions between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and molecules. We selected sodium cholate and single-stranded cytosine oligo-DNAs (dCn (n = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, and 20)), both of which are typical SWNT solubilizers, and successfully determined thermodynamic properties (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS va...

The thermodynamics of interaction of two model peptides melittin and mastoparan with bovine brain calmodulin (CAM) and a smaller CAM analogue, a calcium binding protein from Entamoeba histolytica (CaBP) in 10 mM MOPS buffer (pH 7.0) was examined using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). These data show that CAM binds to both the peptides and the enthalpy of binding is endothermic for melitt...

We present a coarse-graining model that enables the description of pressure-induced, endothermic reactions in a model material. An additional implicit variable (the particle size) is used to describe particles undergoing volume-reducing endothermic reactions via a bistable intra-molecular potential, whereas the dynamics of the centerof-mass motion evolves according to interparticle forces. The ...

Anax junius is a large dragonfly that regulates thoracic temperature (Tth) during flight. This species, like several other intermittently endothermic insects, achieves control of Tth at least in part by increasing circulation of hemolymph to the abdomen at high air temperature (Ta), thus facilitating heat loss from the thorax. In this paper, I demonstrate that heat transfer to the head is also ...

The effects of temperature and flow rate on enthalpies of transfer and the resulting vaporization enthalpies measured by correlation-gas chromatography are examined at the mean temperatures of measurement for a series of alkanes. The study is an effort to understand the parameters affecting the magnitude of the enthalpy of transfer of the analyte from the stationary phase of the column to the g...

The thermal decomposition of alunite and of mixtures of alunite with dickite or quartz or both has been studied, and X-ray determinations of the products at various stages of the decomposition have been made. Between 6oo and 7oo ~ the product from alunite is a mixture of anhydrous alum and amorphous alumina; between 7oo and 770 ~ the anhydrous alum breaks down into aluminium sulphate and alkali...

24 Solid state elastocaloric cooling, the endothermic reversible martensitic phase transformation in shape 25 memory alloys, has the potential to replace vapor compression refrigeration. NiTi, Ni2FeGa, and CoNiAl 26 shape memory alloys were experimentally investigated to measure the magnitude of temperature 27 change using thermography during uniaxial tensile experiments. Consecutive tensile cy...