conclusions it is required to consider the strategies during student education in dental schools for both under and post-graduation dental students and better to follow them in workshops for other dentists and even endodontists. results the most stressful stage of root canal therapy was endodontic treatment for children in male endodontists and residents, preparing access cavity on crowns in fe...

introduction: presence of surface defects in endodontic instruments can lead to unwanted complications such as instrument fracture and incomplete preparation of the canal. the current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of autoclave cycles on surface characteristics of s-file by scanning electron microscopy (sem). methods and materials: in this experimental study, 17 brand new s-files (#...

INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate patents as well as high level researches including systematic reviews/meta-analyses and randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) published in scientific journals by Iranians endodontic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study started with targeted searches of PubMed as well as World Intellectual Property Organization and United State Patent and Trademark O...

One primary objective of endodontic therapy is to establish an adequate seal with the root canal filling material. The placement of an immediate amalgam buildup at obturation, in conjunction with rubber dam isolation, allows an endodontic seal to be extended from the foramen to the cavosurface margin. As a result of this immediate buildup, the length of the seal and the longevity of the endodon...

b a u c g picoectomy involves the surgical management of tooth with a periapical lesion which cannot be esolved by conventional endodontic treatment root canal therapy or endodontic retreatment). ecause the term “apicoectomy” consists of only ne aspect (removal of root apex) of a complex eries of surgical procedures, the terms “periapical urgery” or “periradicular surgery” are more approriate. ...

BACKGROUND The incidence of post-operative pain was compared following single-visit canal treatment in single- and multi-rooted teeth, with and without periapical radiolucency. The article also reviews the issues of postoperative pain and healing, following single-visit and multi-visit endodontic therapy. Single-visit endodontic therapy (SVE) was performed in 50 single-rooted teeth and 60 multi...

Root canal therapy (RCT) represents a standard of treatment that addresses infected pulp tissue in teeth and protects against future infection. RCT involves removing dental pulp comprising blood vessels and nerve tissue, decontaminating residually infected tissue through biomechanical instrumentation, and root canal obturation using a filler material to replace the space that was previously com...

a variety of configurations and magnifications. With the aid of a fiberoptic headlamp system, light can be projected in the line of sight to prevent the creation of shadows in the surgical field and render optimal visualization of the treatment site. However, the magnification of loupes is limited (2.5 to 6.0 ) and their optics are convergent, which creates eye strain and fatigue. In order to a...

‘Prognosis’ is the forecast of the course of a disease. In the context of apical periodontitis, therefore, this term applies to both the time course and chances of healing. Over the past 80 years, an extensive volume of studies has been amassed that focuses on the prognosis of apical periodontitis after endodontic therapy. Cumulatively, the authors of these studies have recorded, grouped, and a...

Pain and pain control are important to the dental profession because the general perception of the public is that dental treatment and pain go hand in hand. Successful dental treatment requires that the source of pain be detected. If the origin of pain is not found, inappropriate dental care and, ultimately, extraction may result. Pain experienced before, during, or after endodontic therapy is ...