Introduction. Angiogenesis mediates a pivotal event during endochondral ossification, when blood vessels grow into hypertrophic cartilage and initiate the degradation of its matrix and the migration of bone cells. In this study we examined the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating angiogenesis during endochondral ossification, with a particular focus on the tissue interactions between pe...

Cartilaginous tissues engineered using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to generate bone in vivo by executing an endochondral programme. This may hinder the use of MSCs for articular cartilage regeneration, but opens the possibility of using engineered cartilaginous tissues for large bone defect repair. Hydrogels may be an attractive tool in the scaling-up of such tissue engineered...

Bone tissue engineering typically uses biomaterial scaffolds, osteoblasts or cells that can become osteoblasts, and biophysical stimulations to promote cell attachment and differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effects of an electromagnetic wave on mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from the bone marrow and seeded upon gelatin cryogel disks. In comparison with control conditions wi...

Although preparation of early-stage bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is critical for successful cell transplantation therapy, no culture system offers a sufficient number of early-stage BM-MSCs for cell transplantation. Accordingly, we developed a culture system capable of producing a large number of early-stage BM-MSCs by using gelatin-coated matrix. The greatest retrieval ...

The assembly and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules are crucial processes during bone development. In this study, we show that ECM remodeling is a critical rate-limiting step in endochondral bone formation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 (collagenase 3) is poised to play a crucial role in bone formation and remodeling because of its expression both in terminal hypertrophic c...

Much of our knowledge about cartilage and bone has come from descriptive anatomy, endocrinology, and cellular studies of bone turnover. Recent approaches have led to the identification of local factors that regulate skeletal morphogenesis. Molecular and biochemical studies of bone and cartilage cells in vitro, gene inactivation in mice, and the identification of genes responsible for mouse and ...

Considering the special relation of human multiple myeloma (MM) to bones, it is of importance to clarify the early steps of bone involvement in this disease. In this work, using bone histomorphometry (including histoenzymologic and kinetic studies for the first time), we have evaluated the bone remodeling (i.e., bone resorption and bone formation rates) of 16 individuals with early MM in compar...

Bone development occurs by two mechanisms: intramembranous bone formation and endochondral bone formation. Bone tissue forms by eventual differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into either mesenchymal osteoblasts (MOBL), which synthesize woven bone in random orientation, or surface osteoblasts (SOBL), which synthesize bone on surfaces in a well oriented lamellar array. Bone repair uses the sam...