The following disquisition utilizes the principles of biomolecular psychology to examine biopsychological efficacy nutraceutical medications targeting Female Endocannabinoid System (FECS), particularly concerning Type 2 diabetic (T2DM) women suffering from depression. Theoretical frameworks psychoneuroimmunology linked with endocannabinoid deficiency theories and behavioral nutrition provide ev...

The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes, including a crucial involvement in brain reward systems and the regulation of motivational processes. Behavioral studies have shown that cannabinoid reward may involve the same brain circuits and similar brain mechanisms with other drugs of abuse, such as nicotine, cocaine, alcohol and hero...

The analgesic properties of exogenous cannabinoids have been recognized for many years and suggest a regulatory role for the endogenous cannabinoid ("endocannabinoid") system in mammalian nociceptive pathways. The endocannabinoid system includes: (1) at least two families of lipid signaling molecules, the N-acyl ethanolamines (e.g., anandamide) and the monoacylglycerols (e.g., 2-arachidonoyl gl...

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest potential roles of the endocannabinoid system in gastrointestinal inflammation. Although cannabinoid CB(2) receptor expression is increased in inflammatory disorders, the presence and function of the remaining proteins of the endocannabinoid system in the colonic tissue is not well characterized. METHODOLOGY Cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors, the enzymes ...

Different classes of neurons in the CNS utilize endogenous cannabinoids as retrograde messengers to shape afferent activity in a short- and long-lasting fashion. Transient suppression of excitation and inhibition as well as long-term depression or potentiation in many brain regions require endocannabinoids to be released by the postsynaptic neurons and activate presynaptic CB1 receptors. Memory...

Spinocerebellar ataxia type-3 (SCA-3) is a rare disease but it is the most frequent type within the autosomal dominant inherited ataxias. The disease lacks an effective treatment to alleviate major symptoms and to modify disease progression. Our recent findings that endocannabinoid receptors and enzymes are significantly altered in the post-mortem cerebellum of patients affected by autosomal-do...

Introduction One of the environmental factors that precipitates and exacerbates mental illnesses, including depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse, is repeated life stress. For example, homotypic stressors that occur on a daily basis, such as poverty or medical problems, are associated with increased depressive symptoms [1]. Not everyone exposed to stress has pathological consequenc...

Extensive documentation exists showing that exercise induces analgesia and sedation. Despite decades of research attempting to explicate a neurochemical basis for these phenomena, the mechanism underlying these changes is unknown. Using trained male college students running on a treadmill or cycling on a stationary bike for 50 min at 70-80% of maximum heart rate, we report here the first eviden...

Upon the identification of anandamide (AEA) in the porcine brain, numerous studies contributed to the current state of knowledge regarding all elements that form the "endocannabinoid system (ECS)."How this complex system of receptors, ligands, and enzymes is integrated in helping to regulate fundamental processes at level of central nervous and peripheral systems and how its regulation and dysr...

In the last 25 years data has grown exponentially dealing with the discovery of the endocannabinoid system consisting of specific cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands, and enzymatic systems of their biosynthesis and degradation. Progress is being made in the development of novel agonists and antagonists with receptor subtype selectivity which should help in providing a greater unders...