The main objective of this study is to understand the concept federalism and analyze procedure opted by British Empires introduce federal system in Malaysia. After World War II became popular option for modern nation States. Federalism Malaysia, also introduced empires 1895 under Federated Malay States (FMS). federation that time was not true sense, it emphasizing strengthen central government....

In this essay, I situate the Habsburg Monarchy in Eurasian imperial context by bringing together a variety of recent secondary literature dealing with Habsburgs and examples empires world history. doing so, show how paralleled diverged from other polities that have been more consistently identified as empires. also offer schema for thinking about terms both uniformly they are organized internal...

— I study the effect of a recent expansion in India’s National Old Age Pension Scheme on elderly well-being. Estimates suggest that public pension has a modestly negative effect on the employment of elderly/near elderly men with a primary or lower education but no effect on the employment of similar women. Pension raised family expenditures, lowering poverty, and the effect was smaller on famil...

Abstract We introduce a stochastic model in which adjacent planar regions A,B merge stochastically at some rate λ(A,B) and observe analogies with the well-studied topics of mean-field coagulation and of bond percolation. Do infinite regions appear in finite time? We give a simple condition on λ for this hegemony property to hold, and another simple condition for it to not hold, but there is a l...