AIMS Autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) have been linked to the existence of emphysema in never-smokers. We aimed to quantify emphysema prevalence in RA-ILD never-smokers and investigate whether combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) results in a worsened prognosis independent of baseline disease extent. METHODS RA-ILD patie...

BACKGROUND Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (D(Lco)) has been regarded as reliable for detecting emphysema. The lower 5th percentile of the reference population has been used as the lower limit of normal (LLN) for D(Lco), without clinical validation. OBJECTIVES We performed this study to validate the LLN for D(Lco) and to determine the optimum cutoff LLN value for detecting emphysema. ...

BACKGROUND Emphysema on CT is common in older smokers. We hypothesised that emphysema on CT predicts acute episodes of care for chronic lower respiratory disease among older smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants in a lung cancer screening study age ≥ 60 years were recruited into a prospective cohort study in 2001-02. Two radiologists independently visually assessed the severity of emphy...

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between lobar severity of emphysema and lung cancer using automated lobe segmentation and emphysema quantification methods.This study included 78 patients (74 males and 4 females; mean age of 72 years) with the following conditions: pathologically proven lung cancer, available chest computed tomographic (CT) scans for lobe segmentation, an...

Several distinct stimuli can be used to reproduce histological and functional features of human emphysema, a leading cause of disability and death. Since cigarette smoke is the main cause of emphysema in humans, experimental researches have attempted to reproduce this situation. However, this is an expensive and cumbersome method of emphysema induction, and simpler, more efficacious alternative...

Evidence is accumulating that neutrophil-derived oxidants substantially contribute to the development of emphysema, especially in smoking individuals. It is not clear, however, why not all smokers develop emphysema. We tested the hypothesis that an abnormality in the oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) might contribute to the development of emphysema. We investigated in ...

Emphysema sequentially leads to the loss of gas exchanging surface and an abnormal shape diaphragm generating dyspnea refractory standard medical therapy. Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is a surgical treatment option for patients with severe emphysema whose symptoms are uncontrolled on Bronchoscopic LVR (bLVR) process by which lung achieved in minimally invasive manner using bronchoscopy-...

Orbital emphysema following rhinoplasty is an extremely rare complication. Only one case of sub-dermal emphysema was reported in the English literature following rhinoplasty directly in post-operative period and one reported case of sudden orbital emphysema during septorhinoplasty operation. A 29 year old male underwent open septorhinoplasty. Surgery was un eventful and no nasal packs were plac...

A method of determining the volume of emphysema in excised lungs is presented, with its validation. This method is based on macroscopic point counting using a perforated grid but only the holes (points) overlying emphysema need be counted to produce results within a percentage standard error of 5%. Application of the method shows that an adequate assessment of emphysema cannot be made from one ...

Background Corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread in the world as a great medical crisis. Its pathophysiology, manifestations, complications, and management are not completely defined, yet. In this study frequency of alveolar air leak critically ill COVID-19 subjects is explored. Methods A total 820 who admitted with respiratory insufficiency to ICUs Sina University Hospital from March 20...